Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric characterization ppt.pdf

Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric
Characterization
A Project submitted
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of of Technology
in
Radio Physics and Electronics
Arkadev Kundu (97/RPM/201001)
Under the guidance of
Prof. ASHIK PAUL
Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics
University of Calcutta
92 A.P.C ROAD. KOLKATA – 700009
June, 2022
CU
STR

Earth’s Atmosphere
• The Earth is surrounded by layers of gases
and makes conditions on Earth suitable for
living things.
• Earth’s atmosphere can be divided into four
zones on the basis of thermal
characteristics.
1.Troposphere: starts at the Earth's surface and extends
up to 10 km.
2.Stratosphere: It resides above the tropopause and
extends up to 50 km.
3.Mesosphere: starts just above the Stratopause and
extends to about 85 km.
4.Thermosphere: is a region of high temperatures above
the Mesosphere. It includes the ionosphere and extends
out to several hundred kilometres.
CU
STR

Stratosphere Troposphere (ST) Radar for Atmospheric
observations
• The Stratosphere Troposphere (ST) Radar technique uses sensitive
pulsed Doppler radar to study the atmosphere on continuous basis
with good height and time resolution.
• This radar uses the frequency range 30 - 300 MHz to examine the
optically clear atmosphere.
• The primary purpose of all ST radar is the measurement of
atmospheric winds, associated vertical shears of horizontal winds
and various atmospheric turbulence parameters; hence they are
termed – “Wind Profilers”.
CU
STR

ST Radar of University of Calcutta at Haringhata
• The ST (Stratosphere-Troposphere) radar of
University of Calcutta has been placed at
Ionospheric Field Station (IFS), Haringhata
(22.58°N, 88.38°E) of University of Calcutta
in eastern part of India.
• This ST radar at IFS, Haringhata has the
capabilities of probing the lower
atmosphere up to 22 km and the upper
atmosphere up to 600 km.
Information obtained from the CU ST Radar
• Output data- three component wind
velocities, Doppler, Doppler width, SNR,
Range Time Intensity plot, Range Time
Velocity plot, Range Time Doppler spread
plot.
CU
STR

ST Radar of University of Calcutta at Haringhata
CU
STR

Pilot array of University of Calcutta ST Radar
• Initially, a 19-element sub array
radar was set up at IFS, Haringhata.
• This Pilot array was hexagonal in
shape.
CU
STR

Objectives of the project
The main objective of the project is to develop a AI/ML based model to
predict various atmospheric parameters using data recorded by the CU ST
Radar.
• Prediction of atmospheric doppler at various heights, on different radar
beams, on different days and at different times of the day.
CU
STR

Data & Methodology
What data we get from ST Radar ?
• The CU-STR Pilot Array data is available in two different formats.
1. Raw data, which is unprocessed.
2. Time series data, which is spectral data.
For estimating the wind components, spectral data is used.
• The Pilot Radar data are stored as incoherent files which are binary in nature.
• incoherent files (.d format) are converted into moment files (.mmt format).
• These moment files (.mmt) are converted into ASCII files through
Atmospheric Data Processor (ADP) software.
Block diagram of deriving wind vectors through ADP software
CU
STR

What is in the training dataset for ML model ?
• The dataset is created for the ML model from the ASCII files.
• Period of data used to train the ML model: 6 months (January, 2020 to June,
2020)
• Doppler measured in height with respect to time: 1.35km to 10.2km.
• Resolution of the height: 0.15km.
• Radar operations per day: around 6 hours.
• Resolution of Time: 164 seconds.
• Data taken: Date, Time, Height, measured Doppler, Temperature, Pressure,
Station Location.
CU
STR

Methodology
• With this radar, models of various atmospheric parameters, like Doppler
(shifting frequency), winds may be developed using measured data over a
period of time as training dataset.
• Applying this model, the values of the atmospheric parameters will be
predicted for a period outside the training interval.
• Refinement of the model outputs may help override huge infrastructure and
resources necessary for establishing radars.
Correlation between CU ST Radar Pilot array and Radiosonde of zonal (U),
meridional (V), vertical wind (W), wind speed, and wind direction.
This comparison was done so as to gain confidence in the values given by the
Pilot radar. Results have now been published [Nandakumar et al., Radio
Sci., 2022].
CU
STR

[Nandakumar et al., Radio Sci., 2022].
-10 0 10 20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
U (m/s)
Height
(km)
10 July 2019 Comparison of Radar Data & GPS RS Data @ 08:30 IST
CU STR
GPS RS
-10 0 10 20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
V (m/s)
0 5 10 15 20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wind Speed (m/s)
Height
(km)
10 July 2019 Comparison of Radar Data & GPS RS Data @ 08:30 IST
CU STR
GPS RS
0 100 200 300 400
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Wind Direction (deg)
Height
(km)
-2 -1 0 1 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
W (m/s)
Height
(km)
10 July 2019 Radar Vertical Wind @ 08:30 IST
CU
STR

CU
STR
[Nandakumar et al., Radio Sci., 2022].

• To create and analyses a mathematical equation representing the
relationship between the independent variables height, temperature,
pressure with dependent variable Doppler. We use two years data as a
training data of the project, but for this semester I only trained one month of
February 2020 data.
CU
STR

Create ASCII file using ADP software
Flowchart of the Foundation work Project
CU
STR

Result
In this project the ST Radar lower atmosphere data for February 2020 was
used to create a data set Next, this dataset is being fed to train a ML model.
CU
STR

Table: Predicted Doppler frequency compared with Actual measured Doppler Frequency
Because the linear model, that was assume produce large errors, so as a next
step Facebook Prophet had use here.
User Input
Predicted Doppler
from ML model
Actual Doppler from
ST Radar
• Height: 9.45km
• Temperature: 27C
• Pressure: 1014.8mb
-0.1800046Hz
For East: -0.0829Hz
For West: 0.00174Hz
For Zenith: 0.0111Hz
For North: 1.19Hz
For South: 3.12Hz
CU
STR

Final work
What is Facebook Prophet ?
• Prophet is an open source forecasting tool available for python and R.
• It is a procedure for forecasting time series data based on an additive
model where non-linear trends are fit with yearly, weekly, and daily
seasonality.
• It works best with time series that have strong seasonal effects and
several seasons of historical data.
• It is robust to missing data and shifts in the trend, and typically handles
outliers well.
• Prophet is open source software released by Facebook’s Core Data
Science team.
CU
STR

Why I use this model ?
• Accurate and fast.
• Fully automatic.
• Tunable forecasts.
• Available in R or Python.
CU
STR

Flowchart of the Final work Project
CU
STR

CU
STR
Correlation between Predicted Doppler from
ML model and Actual measured Doppler
from ST Radar.
Result

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
Date: 07-07-2020 Beam: East & Height: 1.35
This peak for interference and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
Location: CU ST Radar
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
This peak for interference and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
This peak for interference
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
This peak for
interference
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
Date: 07-07-2020 Beam: West & Height: 1.95
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
Date: 07-07-2020 Beam: Zenith & Height: 1.35
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
20
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
This peak for
interference
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
This peak for
interference
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Error

CU
STR
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
This peak for
interference
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
and turbulance
in the atmosphere.
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Error
11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Doppler
Predicted Doppler
Error
IST
Doppler
(Hz)
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Error

Distribution of Relative error with respect to time
1.35
2.7
4.05
5.4
6.75
8.1
9.45
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:06:57
11:15:08
11:23:20
11:31:31
11:39:43
11:47:54
11:56:06
12:04:17
12:12:29
12:20:41
12:28:52
12:37:03
12:45:15
12:53:27
13:01:38
13:09:49
13:18:01
13:26:13
13:34:24
13:42:36
13:50:47
13:58:59
14:07:11
14:15:22
14:23:34
14:31:45
14:39:57
14:48:08
14:56:19
15:04:31
15:12:43
15:20:54
15:29:05
15:37:17
15:45:29
15:53:40
16:01:52
16:10:03
16:18:14
16:26:26
16:34:38
16:42:50
16:51:01
16:59:13
17:07:24
07-07-2020, Beam- East
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
2.7
4.05
5.4
6.75
8.1
9.45
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10 11:02:52
11:11:03
11:19:15
11:27:27
11:35:38
11:43:50
11:52:01
12:00:13
12:08:24
12:16:36
12:24:47
12:32:59
12:41:10
12:49:22
12:57:33
13:05:45
13:13:57
13:22:08
13:30:19
13:38:31
13:46:43
13:54:54
14:03:06
14:11:17
14:19:29
14:27:40
14:35:52
14:44:03
14:52:14
15:00:26
15:08:38
15:16:49
15:25:01
15:33:12
15:41:24
15:49:35
15:57:47
16:05:58
16:14:10
16:22:21
16:30:33
16:38:45
16:46:56
16:55:08
17:03:19
17:11:31
17:19:42
17:27:54
17:36:05
08-07-2020, Beam- East
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
2.7
4.05
5.4
6.75
8.1
9.45
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:30:40
11:38:51
12:16:18
12:24:30
12:32:41
12:40:53
12:49:04
12:57:16
13:05:28
13:13:39
13:21:50
13:30:02
13:38:13
13:46:25
13:54:37
14:02:48
14:11:00
14:19:11
14:27:22
14:35:34
14:43:46
14:51:57
15:00:09
15:08:21
15:16:32
15:24:44
15:32:55
15:41:07
15:49:18
15:57:30
16:05:41
16:13:53
16:22:04
16:30:16
16:38:27
16:46:39
16:54:50
17:03:02
17:11:13
17:19:25
17:27:36
17:35:48
17:44:00
17:52:11
20-07-2020, Beam-East
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
2.7
#REF!
5.4
6.75
#REF!
#REF!
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:11:39
11:19:51
11:28:02
11:36:14
11:44:25
11:52:37
12:00:48
12:09:00
12:17:11
12:25:23
12:33:34
12:41:46
12:49:57
12:58:08
13:06:20
13:14:31
13:22:44
13:30:55
13:39:06
13:47:18
13:55:29
14:03:41
14:11:52
14:20:04
14:28:16
14:36:27
14:44:39
14:52:50
15:01:02
15:09:13
15:17:24
15:25:36
15:33:47
15:41:59
15:50:11
15:58:22
16:06:34
16:14:46
16:22:57
16:31:08
16:39:20
16:47:31
16:55:43
17:03:55
17:07:24
21-07-2020, Beam- East
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
2.7
#REF!
5.4
6.75
#REF!
#REF!
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:11:39
11:19:51
11:28:02
11:36:14
11:44:25
11:52:37
12:00:48
12:09:00
12:17:11
12:25:23
12:33:34
12:41:46
12:49:57
12:58:08
13:06:20
13:14:31
13:22:44
13:30:55
13:39:06
13:47:18
13:55:29
14:03:41
14:11:52
14:20:04
14:28:16
14:36:27
14:44:39
14:52:50
15:01:02
15:09:13
15:17:24
15:25:36
15:33:47
15:41:59
15:50:11
15:58:22
16:06:34
16:14:46
16:22:57
16:31:08
16:39:20
16:47:31
16:55:43
17:03:55
17:07:24
21-07-2020, Beam- West
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
3.45
6.75
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:11:39
11:19:51
11:28:02
11:36:14
11:44:25
11:52:37
12:00:48
12:09:00
12:17:11
12:25:23
12:33:34
12:41:46
12:49:57
12:58:08
13:06:20
13:14:31
13:22:44
13:30:55
13:39:06
13:47:18
13:55:29
14:03:41
14:11:52
14:20:04
14:28:16
14:36:27
14:44:39
14:52:50
15:01:02
15:09:13
15:17:24
15:25:36
15:33:47
15:41:59
15:50:11
15:58:22
16:06:34
16:14:46
16:22:57
16:31:08
16:39:20
16:47:31
16:55:43
17:03:55
17:07:24
20-07-2020, beam- West
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

1.35
5.7
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
11:03:25
11:11:36
11:19:48
11:27:59
11:36:10
11:44:22
11:52:34
12:00:45
12:08:57
12:17:09
12:25:20
12:33:31
12:41:43
12:49:55
12:58:06
13:06:18
13:14:29
13:22:41
13:30:52
13:39:04
13:47:15
13:55:27
14:03:38
14:11:49
14:20:01
14:28:13
14:36:25
14:44:36
14:52:47
15:00:59
15:09:11
15:17:22
15:25:34
15:33:45
15:41:57
15:50:08
15:58:20
16:06:31
16:14:43
16:22:54
16:31:06
16:39:17
16:47:29
16:55:40
17:03:52
17:12:03
17:20:15
17:28:26
17:36:38
08-07-2020, Beam-West
-10--8 -8--6 -6--4 -4--2 -2-0 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10

-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
07-07-2020, Beam- EAST
Median Error
Distribution of Relative error with respect to height
Height beams (km)
Height beams (km)
Error
(Hz)
Error
(Hz)

-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
08-07-2020, Beam- EAST
MEDIAN ERROR
Height beams (km)
Error
(Hz)
Height beams (km)
Error
(Hz)

-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
08-07-2020, Beam- WEST
Median Error
Height beams (km)
Height beams (km)
Error
(Hz)
Error
(Hz)

-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
20-07-2020, Beam- WEST
Standard Deviation
Height beams (km) Height beams (km)
Error
(Hz)
Error
(Hz)

-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
20-07-2020, Beam- EAST
Median Error
Error
(Hz)
Error
(Hz)

-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
21-07-2020, Beam- EAST
Median Error
Error
(Hz)
Error
(Hz)

Conclusion and Future work
• Development of this model is not complete as evident from the errors between the measured and the model
values. In future, data covering a longer period may be used to train the ML model. The predicted Doppler
obtained from this model will then be validated with actual observations to test the performance of this model.
• The differences occurring between measured data and model data could be arising because of lack of inclusion
of time (for diurnal variations), day of year (for seasonal effects) and point of scattering (for spatial variations)
in the present version. These needs to be included.
• The error values between measured and model Doppler values have been truncated to ±10Hz to eliminate the
spikes in Doppler attributed to interference and flight of airplanes over the radar area.
• The standard deviation and median values of the relative error are less at higher height (>7km) than at lower
heights.
• The initial version of the model was created using linear regression. But Doppler does not have a linear
relationship with the height, temperature and pressure, which was taken into account in FB Prophet.
CU
STR

References
• Mohanakumar, K., Straosphere- 1 roposphere Interaction: Au Introduction,
Science & Business Media, 2010. Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-
4020-8217-7
• UCAR Center for science education article on Layers of Earth’s Atmosphere
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/layers-earths-atmosphere
• Geeks for Geeks article on ML https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-
learning/
• Holton J.R., Haynes P.H., McIntyre E.M., Douglass. R.A., Rood B.R. and
Pfister L., Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, 1995, https://acd-
ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Douglass/95RG02097.pdf
• Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems
• Machine Learning https://certes.co.uk/types-of-artificial-intelligence-a-
detailed-guide/
CU
STR

Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric characterization ppt.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric characterization ppt.pdf

Similar to Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric characterization ppt.pdf (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Application of ST Radar data for Atmospheric characterization ppt.pdf