1. HEMATOLOGY
Dr . T . Arivazhagan
Post graduate
Department of Pathology
2. Hematopoiesis
• Hematopoiesis is the process of creating new blood cells in the body.
• All blood cells start as hematopoietic stem cells, and then specialize
(differentiate) into myeloid cells (erythrocytes, megakaryocytes,
monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, or eosinophils) or lymphoid cells
(T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes).
3. Sites
• 1st trimester : Yolk sac
• 2nd trimester : Liver & Spleen
• 3rd trimester : Central & Peripheral skeleton
• Adult : Axial skeleton
• Vertebra
• Sternum
• Ribs
• Pelvis
• Extra medullary : In case of severe demand like thalassemia
4.
5. Functions
•To Deliver nutrients hormones & O2 to the tissues
•To collect & dispose the wastes from cellular metabolism
•To deliver specialized cells to tissues for protection against
external environment
•To prevent the leakage of blood in blood vessels
6. Elements of blood
• Fluid elements:
• Water
• Electrolyte
• Proteins
•Cellular elements:
• RBC
• WBC
• Platelets
7. Function of cellular component
•RBC - it carries 02 to the tissue and carry co2 from tissue to
lungs
•WBC - Cells of the immune system that are involved in
protecting the body against both infectious disease and
foreign invaders
•PLATELETS - Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood
vessel injuries.
12. RBC DISORDERS
Anemia:
• Is defined as a HB concentration in blood below the lower limit of
the normal range for the age and sex of the individual.
• Male 13g/dl
• Females 11.5g/dl
13. Classification of anemia
• Due to increased blood loss
• Due to impaired red cell production
• Deficient heame synthesis
• Deficient globin synthesis
• Vit b12 / folic acid deficiency
• Defect in the stem cell production
• Chronic disorders
• Congenital anemias
• Due to increased red cell destruction
• Extrinsic
• Intrinsic
28. Assessment
1. Hematopoiesis?
2. Site of hematopoiesis?
3. Functions of RBC’s?
4. Size of RBC?
5. Functions of WBC’s?
6. Size of granulocytes?
7. Functions of platelets?
8. Size of platelets?
