HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE PRE- SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

1. HISTORY OF
ARHCITECTURE:
Filipino Architecture
Presented by Group 2
Compa, Michelle
Cuna, Cindy Mae
Carbon, Merrick
Centino, Dominick
Pre-Spanish Colonial Period
BSAR
CH
2C

2. TO PROVIDE MEANINGFUL
ARCHITECTURE IS NOT TO
PARODY HISTORY BUT TO
ARTICULATE IT
-DANIEL LIBESKIND

3. THE
PHILIPPINE
S
Philippines, officially the Republic
of the Philippines, is an
archipelagic country in Southeast
Asia. It is situated in the Western
Pacific Ocean and consists of
around 7,641 islands that are
broadly categorized under three
main geographical divisions from
north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.

4. ARCHITECTUR
AL
INFLUENCES

5. • Archipelago of 7100 islands –
mountainous and fragmented islands.
• 3 main island groups: Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao
• Southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean -
strategic position - in the path of Far
East trade .
Geographic Influences

6. • Major earthquake and volcanic
belt.
• In the path of typhoons from the
Pacific.
• Building materials found and used
are bamboo, nipa, cogon grass,
rattan, Guijo tree and Yakal tree.
Geological
Influences

7. Historical Influences
• Immigrants of Malay origin, food
gatherers and hunters.
• 3000 BC, joined advance agricultural
race from Indonesia.
• Barangays as tribal system.
• Converted to Islam in 1300 AD.
• Trade Center of the Orient.

8. • Provinces (lowlands) normally near the
sea shores are hotter compare of the
places in the high lands where they
established their group in the mountains.
• March to July – dry season
• July to October – wet season, and the
rest of the months is the mixture of both.
• Houses we’re built in accordance to what
the temperature and weather condition.
Climatic
Influences

9. • Tropical Architecture.
• Open and Transparent.
• Light.
ARCHITECTU
RAL
CHARACTER

10. • Settlements
• big villages along key trade centers
• near the sea-shore, beside rivers
and streams – for purposes of
travel, communication and
sanitation
ARCHITECTU
RAL
CHARACTER

11. • Shaped by the climate, terrain,
vegetation, and fauna around it
• Two elements in making a house:
1) tradition or following the generally
accepted form and structural patterns;
and 2) chance or “playing it by ear”,
allowing minor modifications for the
builder and his family
• Tropical architecture
• Light
• Open and transparent
ARCHITECTU
RAL
CHARACTER

12. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• earliest human habitation
• Tabon Cave, Palawan
had been inhabited for
30,000 years caves in
Angono, Rizal with
ancient petroglyphs
Cave Dwellings

13. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• winbreaks or windscreens as the
first attempt at building
• served as shelters during a
hunting or food-gathering
journey
• made of light branches and
fronds, but strong enough to
withstand a strom
• Negritos of Zambales
• Agtas of Palanan, Isabela
Lean – Tos
(Pinahang)

14. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• perched on forked branches of trees, up to
60 feet above the ground
• prevented attack by animals and human
enemies
• by the Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon
• Manobo and Mandaya of Mindanao
• Moros of Lake Lanao
Tree Houses

15. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• “balai” and spanish “cubo” or cube – cube-shaped
house, from its boxy appearance
• primitive style of dwelling probably started around
200 BC, with the coming of iron tools
• well- adapted to tropical climate
• of wood, rattan cane, bamboo, palm leaves,
cogon and nipa
Bahay Kubo or Nipa
Hut

16. ● Elevated one to five feet from the
ground - silong
● protection from the moist ground and
flood
● protection from vermin and other
animals
● enclosed area as sleeping quarters
● silong used for storage for tools and
crops, an animal enclosures, or burial
ground
● usually with steep thatch roof
● varies across regional and ethnic
lines
●
PRE-SPANISH
COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses

17. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• A Traditional Type of House in
Apayao
• Elevated One-Room Structure
• Protected with High pitch Thatch
Roof. Resembles Barrel Vault.
• Removable Wall Pannel
• Removable Washable Mats
• Floor Ventilation
Apayao House
(Balai)

18. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The Traditional house of the
Badjao communities at Southern
Philppines Compised of
Windowless One-Room House
of light materials and thatch roof
built above coastal waters.
Badjao House

19. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The traditional type of house in
Bontoc, Mountain Province
comprised of prerimeter wooden
walls enclosed in an open living
space, and central granaries. Its
is covered by a steep, thick roof
that is almost covering the
perimeter wall
Bontoc House
(Afung)

20. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The Traditional Ifugao house; an
elevated square and windowless
one-room structure dominated
by a high, heavy, pyramidal roof.
Ifugao House
(Bale/Fale)

21. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• Ivatan heritage house
is one made of stone,
lime, and wood with a
thatch roof made of local
grass called 'cogon',
structures resembling
houses found in
European hinterlands.
Ivatan Houses

22. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• An Ivatan type of house with its
enclosing’s lower portion built of
wood, while the upper portion is
built of cogon
Ivatan Houses
Kamadid

23. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• An Ivatan Structure used as a
working area and a place of
storage for fishing implements.
The Structure does not have any
wall enclose exposing posts that
supports the roof, and the thick
gable cogon roof, either with or
without gable wall, made from
cogon and reeds
Ivatan Houses
Rahaung

24. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• A type of house with a timber-
framed structure which uses
reeds and cogon materials for its
walls
Ivatan Houses
JinJin

25. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The traditional house of the
kalings. It is comprised of an
elecated rectangular, one-room
house of timber materials, and
thick roofing made from 8 – 10
layers of cut bamboo laine one
abover another . An interesting
feature of the hose is the
removable wall oanel for
ventilation and the elevated floor
along the perimeter of the wall
that can be used both for seating
and sleeping purposes
Kalinga House
(Foruy)

26. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• This traditional house in an
ocatagonal layout plan. In
Apayao is called Binuron.
Kalinga House
Binayon/Finaryo
n

27. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• An elevated square one-room
house of the Kankanay and
Ibaloy, with four thick posts
supporting a timber upper floor
and steep hip type roof of cogon
grass. The lower end of the roof
flared out similar to the roof of
the Bontocs and Kalinga
Houses.
Kankanay and Ibalaoi
House
(Baey/Babayan)

28. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• One of the earliest houses in
Sagada, windowless with a thick
and steep roof intended to
withstand the cold weather
conditions.
Sagada House
(Tinokbob)

29. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• Traditional Samal Houses are
elecated rectangular one-room
structures near the coastal
waters of Mindanao, Palawan,
Zamboanga and Sulu
Archipelago. These Houses are
directly built on shallow water
and connected to the shore by a
Pantan or Bridge, or directly built
on solid ground.
Samal House

30. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The Traditional house of the
Tausug in the Southern
Philippines. It is comprised of
two or more houses on stilts that
are connected by an elevated
open space serving as house
extensions.
Tausug House
(Bay Sinug)

31. PRE-SPANISH COLONIAL
Dwellings/Houses
• The Traditional house of the
Yakans in the mountainous
interior of Basilan Island. It is an
elevated, rectangular, one-room
structure wth few small windows
and protected by a high-pitch
thatch roof.
Yakan House
(Lumah)

32. Thank you!