Masters credit seminar.

1. Seminar On
Presented By
Anup Sahoo
Reg. No.-2161912002
MSc. (Ag) Horticulture
Dept. of Horticulture, SOA University, IAS
Significance of different growth regulators
for successful cultivation of Cucurbits
Hort-591

2. Contents
Introduction
History
Type of PGR
Role of PGR
Benefits of PGR
Case studies
Cucumber
Bottle gourd
Watermelon
Bitter gourd
Musk melon
Ridge gourd
Precaution in growth regulator application
Constraints in the use of PGR
Conclusion
Future thrust
References

3. Introduction
• Cucurbits belong to the family Cucurbitaceae and form an important, a large group of vegetables, grown
extensively throughout India and other tropical and sub-tropical region of globe.
• The fruits of cucurbits are consumed fresh as a dessert (watermelon) or in salads (Cucumber),
Cooked (bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd etc.).
• Most of the cucurbits are annuals, direct sown and propagated through seed.
• In plants, many behavioral patterns and functions are controlled by hormones. These are “chemical
messenger” influencing many patterns of plant development.
• Plant growth regulators are the chemical substances which govern all the factors of development and
growth within plants. Some other names used to refer to it are phytohormones and plant growth
hormones.
• Plant hormones- A natural substance (produced by plant) that acts to control plant activities.
• Hormone is Greek word derived from “hormao” , which means to stimulate.
• These chemicals act on plant processes at very low concentrations.
• Often they are produced at one part of plant and transported to other part of plant, where they
initiate a response; however, they may also act on the same tissue in which they are produced.
• PGR’S are used in different forms like liquid, powder, paste etc. .
1

4. History
Ethylene
D. Neljubov
1926
1920
1963
1950
1930
Gibberellins
E. Kurosawa
Abscisic acid
F. T. Addicot & Co.
Auxin
F.W. Went
Cytokinin
F. Skoog, C. Miller
2

5. Types of plant growth regulators
Plant growth regulators Forms
Auxins (growth promoting substances that contribute to the
elongation of shoots, but at high concentrations they can
inhibit growth of lateral buds.)
Indole Acetic Acid, Indole Butyric Acid, Naphthalene Acetic
Acid, p- Chlorophenoxy acetic acid (4-CPA), 2,4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
Gibberellins (germination, elongation of the stem, fruit
ripening and flowering.)
GA 1 To GA112
Cytokinins ( promote cell division and increase cell
expansion during the proliferation and expansion stages of
leaf cell development)
Kinetin (C10H9N5O), Zeatin (C10H13N5O)
Ethylene (C2H4) regulating and stimulating the opening of
flowers, fruit ripening and shedding of leaves.
Ethrel (C2H6ClO3P)
3

6. Role of different PGR
PGR Synthesis Precursor Role
Auxin Young developing
leaves, Terminal
buds, Axillary buds
Tryptophan • Plays important role in cell enlargement.
• Initiate flowering, induce friut set and development.
• Increase size of young fruit.
• Enhance apical dominance.
Gibberellins Young leaves,
developping fruit,
germinating seed.
Ent-Kaurene (C20H32) • Cell Elongation
• Breaking seed dormancy
• Induce flowering in temperate plants
• Increase stalk length
• Increase flower and fruit size
Cytokinins Embryos, appical
meristem of root,
young leaves and
fruits.
isopentenyladenosine(iP)
(C15H21N5O4) &
Adenosine monophosphate
(C10H14N5O7P)
• Stimulate cell division
• Root and bud differentiation
• Stimulate lateral bud growth (anti - auxin)
• Delaying senescence
• Reduce the apical dominance
Ethylene Leaves, stems, roots,
flowers, fruits,
tubers, and seeds.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-
carboxylic acid (ACC)
(C4H7NO2)
• Breaking of dormancy of seeds, tubers and bulbs.
• Root and shoot growth.
• Increased percentage of female flowers
• Inducing fruit ripening 4

7. Benefits of PGR
Plant growth regulators greatly
improve plant vigour
Accelerate root formation on cuttings
and seedling.
Increasing flowering results to increase
yield.
Sex modification (shifts towards
femaleness) suppress of male
flowers or an enhancement in the
number of female flowers
Improve response in plants during high
temperature.
Maintain a healthy atmosphere in
vegetable field (by uniformity)
5

8. Research Findings
Cucumis sativus
Cucumber
Luffa acutangula
Ridge gourd
Cucumis melo
Musk melon
Citrullus lanatus
Watermelon
Lagenaria siceraria
Bottle gourd
Momordica charantia
Bitter gourd
6

9. Cucumber

10. Table-1 Effect of GA3 and NAA with pruning levels on growth, sex expression and yield attributes of cucumber (Cucumis
sativus L. cv. Malini F1) under protected condition.
Treatments Days
to 1st
male
flower
Days to
1st
female
flower
Days to
50%
flowering
No. of
male
flower
/ plant
No. of
female
flower /
plant
No. of
fruit
/plant
Fruit
setting
percentage
Yield /
plant(kg)
Yield /
hectare
(tons)
T1
Control (Water)
31.33 33.21 45.22 11.89 5.81 4.37 67.15 1.67 64.1
T2
25 ppm GA3+ 500ppm NAA + DSP 29.27 32.33 40.33 15.09 7.58 7.08 76.30 1.88 75.07
T3
25 ppm GA3+ 500 ppm NAA + NP 29.67 32.67 41.33 12.88 7.08 6.33 70.05 1.91 76.27
T4
25 ppm GA3+ 1000 ppm NAA + DSP 29.33 31.00 43.00 13.45 7.75 7.48 75.34 1.93 76.67
T5
25 ppm GA3+ 1000 ppm NAA + NP 29.00 32.00 39.33 13.10 9.11 8.13 76.40 2.07 80.40
T6 50 ppm GA3+ 500 ppm NAA
+ DSP
27.00 29.33 37.00 19.29 10.75 10.66 87.88 2.67 106.67
T7
50 ppm GA3+ 500 ppm NAA +NP 27.32 32.00 41.00 13.61 9.11 8.03 77.79 1.98 75.87
T8
50 ppm GA3+ 1000 ppm NAA + DSP 28.33 31.33 43.33 14.30 8.83 7.62 76.45 2.06 82.53
T9
50 ppm GA3+ 1000 ppm NAA + NP 28.50 32.33 43.00 14.67 7.91 6.73 76.38 1.96 78.53
F-test (p=0.05) * * * * * * * * *
SEm± 1.19 0.73 0.65 0.18 0.17 0.22 1.48 0.07 2.53
C.D (p=0.05) 3.55 2.18 1.93 0.53 0.51 0.66 4.42 0.22 7.55
Baqi et al. (2018)
In case of cucumber application of 50 ppm GA3+ 500 ppm NAA + DSP (double stem pruning) gives the highest
yield along with other yield attributing parameters.
Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; During rabi 2017-18
6

11. Treatments Days
taken to
1st
flowering
Days
taken to
50%
flowering
Days
taken to
picking
No. of
male
flowers
No. of
female
flowers
Sex ratio
(M/F)
Fruit set
%
Fruit
retenti
on %
Length
of fruits
Diamet
er of
fruits
Number
of fruit/
plant
Fruit
yield
(q/ha)
T1-GA3(100 ppm) 34.52 38.36 54.75 88.87 52.67 1.68 79.60 82.84 22.36 4.6 9.24 178.67
T2-GA3(200 ppm) 34.46 37.01 52.55 89.19 45.22 1.97 82.90 84.84 21.85 4.4 8.01 172.67
T3-GA3(250 ppm) 35.84 37.99 55.37 87.56 45.92 2.03 79.20 82.13 21.08 4.1 9.16 178.00
T4-NAA(50 ppm) 36.92 39.18 55.40 90.62 47.47 1.90 78.50 80.86 21.64 4.0 8.96 174.79
T5-NAA(100 ppm) 36.70 42.11 56.51 96.58 43.80 2.20 73.50 81.03 21.40 3.7 8.70 158.30
T6-NAA(150 ppm) 40.08 40.52 56.18 93.41 46.30 2.01 74.50 80.40 20.99 4.0 7.93 167.33
T7-Ethrel(200 ppm) 37.62 41.39 55.45 95.44 48.53 1.96 73.30 79.14 17.19 3.0 8.42 169.07
T8-Ethrel(300 ppm) 40.62 41.20 57.92 96.41 37.14 2.59 76.00 79.18 19.55 3.4 7.73 169.33
T9-Control(water) 44.78 43.07 59.41 79.01 57.26 1.37 71.00 77.23 16.99 3.8 7.16 160.00
S.Em± 0.99 0.83 0.87 0.53 0.45 0.03 1.59 0.62 0.54 0.34 0.45 1.00
CD at 5% level 2.01 1.85 1.89 1.47 1.36 0.35 4.78 1.59 1.49 1.02 1.37 2.02
Kadi et al. (2018)
In case of cucumber application of GA3 @100ppm (T1)gives the highest/maximum length of fruits, diameter of
fruits, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield (q/ha).The maximum fruit set percentage and fruit retention percentage
was maximum in treatment GA3 @200ppm (T2 )(valued 82.90 and 84.84, respectively).
College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, During 2016-17
Table-2 Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality parameters in cucumber (Cucumis sativus
L.) under polyhouse condition.
7

12. Bottle gourd

13. Treatments Days taken
to first
picking
Fruit
length(cm)
Fruit
diameter(cm)
No. of
fruits/
vine
Fruit
weight (g)
Fruit
yield/ vine
(kg)
Fruit yield/ha
(q)
T1- Control (water) 78.90 40.19 8.41 3.49 1103 3.85 205
T2- NAA 100ppm 76.19 48.76 8.80 3.58 1107 3.97 211
T3- NAA 150ppm 71.96 51.11 9.08 3.86 1116 4.31 229
T4- NAA 200ppm 69.94 52.98 9.36 4.02 1224 4.92 262
T5- Ethrel 100ppm 65.32 50.87 9.61 4.16 1282 5.33 294
T6- Ethrel 200ppm 57.26 54.99 10.11 4.40 1289 5.71 304
T7- Ethrel 300ppm 54.25 59.05 10.68 4.52 1311 5.93 316
T8- CCC 100ppm 69.39 46.33 9.80 3.72 1117 4.16 221
T9- CCC 150ppm 65.46 48.66 9.19 3.92 1123 4.40 234
T10- CCC 200ppm 62.31 50.35 8.92 4.24 1126 4.78 254
S.Em± 2.76 2.69 0.45 0.13 52 0.22 8
C.D. (P=0.05) 8.16 7.97 1.33 0.39 154 0.64 24
Mahala et al.(2014)
In case of bottle gourd application of Ethrel @300ppm gives the highest yield along with other yield attributing
parameters.
Horticulture farm, S. K. N. college of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) during Kharif 2010
Table-3 Effect of Plant growth regulators on yield, quality & economics of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.).
8

14. Treatments
No.
of
male
flowe
r/
vine
No. of
female
flower/
vine
Sex
ratio
(M/F)
Days to
fruit
maturity
Fruit
length
(cm)
Fruit
diamete
r (cm)
Avg.
fruit wt.
(kg)
No. of
fruit/
vine
Yield/
vine
(kg)
Yield
(q/ha)
GA50 29.53 6.13 4.85 83.83 39.40 7.30 1.013 3.47 3.533 156.28
GA100 31.17 7.27 4.30 82.17 42.60 7.97 1.105 3.90 4.318 192.38
MH50 24.03 5.97 4.09 86.33 34.17 6.70 0.931 3.40 3.164 139.88
MH100 23.67 5.67 4.26 83.83 32.47 6.30 1.059 3.30 3.503 154.85
Ethrel50 21.13 6.60 3.22 82.67 44.87 7.83 1.110 3.57 3.968 175.43
Etherl100 19.67 7.10 2.79 79.67 45.03 8.20 1.183 3.70 4.413 195.09
Control
(water)
26.53 5.57 5.32 88.17 34.60 6.70 0.902 2.80 2.530 111.87
CD (0.05) 2.27 0.66 0.46 NS 4.46 0.81 0.099 0.30 0.507 22.78
Ansari et al. (2018)
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India: During
spring-summer season 1999
In case of bottle gourd application of Ethrel @100ppm gives the highest yield along with other yield
attributing parameters.
Table-4 Effects of boron and plant growth regulators on bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standle.)
9

15. Watermelon

16. Treatments
Node at which 1st
male flower
appeared
Node at which 1st
female flower
appeared
No. of days to 1st
male flower
appearance
No. of days to 1st
female flower
appearance
Sex ratio
Average
fruit wt.
No. of
fruit/ vine
Yield /
vine
BR 0.1PPM 3.44 7.28 42.44 45.73 8.96 3.44 4.17 12.72
BR 0.5PPM 3.67 8.50 44.20 47.78 9.42 3.18 3.17 10.75
BR 1.0PPM 4.78 8.22 47.94 50.55 10.65 3.15 2.17 8.06
Ethrel 100ppm 8.72 16.22 52.67 63.28 13.70 3.27 2.50 7.29
Ethrel 200ppm 9.11 19.22 52.94 64.00 14.93 3.22 1.50 6.25
Ethrel 300ppm 12.06 14.78 55.44 68.28 19.17 3.08 1.17 4.76
Paclobutrazol
100ppm
3.61 9.94 46.61 53.72 10.57 3.12 2.147 7.55
Paclobutrazol
200ppm
4.05 7.89 45.61 47.55 10.49 3.10 2.50 8.61
Paclobutrazol
300ppm
4.39 7.45
44.77
46.94 10.92 3.24 1.50 6.35
Control(water) 8.06 10.78
50.48
53.49 15.68 3.22 2.50 8.23
SEm± 0.455 0.368 0.905 1.154 0.307 0.074 0.196 0.238
CD (0.05) 1.301 1.052 2.587 3.406 0.878 NS 0.559 0.679
Sushila et al.(2010)
Herbal garden, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, India during 2006-07 and 2007-08
In case of watermelon application of Brassinosteroid @0.1ppm gives the highest yield per vine, lowering the sex
ratio by supressing the production of male flower along with other yield attributing parameters.
Table-5 Effect of plant growth regulator on flowering & yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) cv. Matsumara &
Nakai)
10

17. Treatments No. of fruits/
plant
Pulp
weight/fruit
(gm)
Tss (Brix ‫)﮿‬ Sex ratio (M:F) Fruit yield
(kg/plant)
Fruit yield (kg/ha)
Control (water) 2.31 1905.00 7.71 7.13 7.33 27388.50
GA3 10ppm 2.70 2206.367 8.63 7.37 8.95 32380.25
GA3 15ppm 2.93 2405.00 9.15 7.47 9.27 34433.502
Ethrel 250ppm 2.63 2105.00 8.37 3.23 8.57 29129.75
Ethrel 500ppm 2.77 2228.33 8.53 3.07 8.83 27978.75
MH 100ppm 2.96 2171.00 8.97 2.11 9.84 34296.00
MH 200ppm 3.07 2235.00 9.62 2.03 10.24 34901.75
CCC 250ppm 2.88 2155.00 8.92 2.81 8.85 28248.00
CCC 500ppm 2.91 2226.67 9.34 2.17 9.34 28630.50
SEm 0.10 76.70 0.35 0.19 0.2506 1260.7807
CD @5% 0.29 229.96 NS 0.59 0.7513 3680.1392
CV% 6.19 6.09 7.01 8.28 4.81 8.18
Sinojiya et al.(2014)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Anand Agricultural University, Dahod, Gujarat,
India; Summer 2010
In case of watermelon application of MH @200ppm gives the highest yield along with other yield attributing
parameters. The yield character like pulp weight/ fruit (gm) is highest in GA3 15ppm (2405.00gm).
Table-6 Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, yield & quality of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)
cv. Shine Beauty.
11

18. Bitter gourd

19. Treatments Days to 1st
male flower
appearance
Node no. to 1st
male flower
appearance
Days to 1st
female flower
appearance
Node no. to 1st
female flower
appearance
No. of
male
flower/
vine
No. of
female
flower/vine
Sex ratio
(M/F)
T1-(NAA 50ppm) 28.38 11.04 38.08 13.19 274.35 35.57 7.76
T2-(NAA 100ppm) 28.60 10.50 38.30 12.18 280.74 36.81 7.63
T3-(GA3 15ppm) 29.50 9.50 35.78 12.88 280.00 38.01 7.37
T4-(GA3 25ppm) 30.63 12.91 35.87 14.64 281.99 38.29 7.36
T5-(MH 50ppm) 27.70 10.41 37.70 12.20 268.67 37.82 7.1
T6-(MH 100ppm) 27.12 10.02 36.12 13.97 258.64 38.73 6.68
T7-(Ethrel 100ppm) 31.02 11.48 35.69 12.01 253.81 39.30 6.46
T8-(Ethrel 200ppm) 32.78 11.78 34.30 11.99 253.46 41.40 6.12
T9-(Control) water 26.69 9.24 39.69 15.30 283.21 32.37 8.75
SEm± 0.72 0.21 0.89 0.34 1.83 1.76 0.17
CD @ 5% 2.06 0.61 2.54 0.96 5.00 2.60 0.48
Aishwarya et al.(2019)
Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Andhra Pradesh. during kharif 2018 under irrigated conditions.
In case of bitter gourd on application of ethrel @ 200 ppm resulted in earliness to first female (pistillate) flower
appearance (34.30), delayed male flower appearance (32.78), highest female flowers per vine (41.40), minimum number of
male flowers (253.46).
Table-7 Influence of plant growth regulators and stage of application on sex expression of bitter gourd (Momordica
charantial.) cv. VK-1-PRIYA.
12

20. Treatments No. of
branches
Length of
vine(cm)
No. of
fruits/ plant
Individual
fruit weight
(g)
Yield
(q/ha)
TSS (%)
T1-(GA3 20ppm) 9.87 330.1 17.0 67.05 104.3 3.5
T2-(GA3 40ppm) 10.80 329.0 10.1 76.97 111.2 3.6
T3-(GA3 60ppm) 11.8 351.5 14.1 84.8 145.4 3.96
T4-(Cycocel 100ppm) 8.75 315.5 8.3 64.6 109.8 3.56
T5-(Cycocel 200ppm) 10.0 316.2 7.3 60.3 91.2 3.5
T6-(Control) water 8.5 258.6 5.75 46.9 86.0 3.2
SEm± 0.37 9.00 0.53 1.0 5.59 0.04
CD @ 5% 0.75 16.3 1.18 2.42 11.8 0.09
Anayat et al. (2020)
Vegetable Farm at Division of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture Wadura, SKUAST (K) Shalimar,
during the two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018.
In case of bitter gourd on application of GA3 proved better than the Cycocel in improving the growth Yield and
quality characteristics of the Bitter gourd. Application of GA3 @ 60 ppm (T3) recorded the Maximum/ highest yield
along with other yield attributing parameters.
Table-8 Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Cycocel on Yield and Quality of Bitter Gourd
13

21. Muskmelon

22. Table-9 Influence of plant growth regulators on growth, sex expression, yield and quality of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Treatments
No. of pisstilate
flower/ plant
No. of
staminate
flower/ plant
Sex
ratio
(M/F)
No. of fruits
/ plant
Avg. fruits
/ plant
Fruit
yield/
plant
Fruit yield
(t/ha)
TSS
(Brix‫)﮿‬
T0-(Control) water 7.78 343.47 44.69 1.70 0.66 1.12 11.06 8.47
T1-(GA3 30ppm) 8.60 284.13 33.21 2.43 0.81 1.99 19.62 9.37
T2-(GA3 60ppm) 10.354 315.95 30.12 2.60 0.94 2.43 23.98 10.10
T3-(GA3 90ppm) 9.20 339.44 36.99 2.50 0.89 2.20 21.77 9.73
T4-(NAA 50ppm) 8.85 260.27 29.77 2.47 0.78 1.90 18.80 9.50
T5-(NAA 100ppm) 9.84 236.87 24.17 2.56 0.86 2.21 21.79 10.20
T6-(NAA 150ppm) 8.9 211.91 23.98 2.35 0.84 2.00 19.74 10.37
T7-(Ethrel 100ppm) 14.25 144.20 10.17 3.60 0.83 2.97 29.32 11.17
T8-(Ethrel 150ppm) 17.05 121.68 7.19 4.52 0.79 3.55 35.09 11.20
T9-(Ethrel 200ppm) 15.68 117.15 7.50 4.25 0.69 2.94 29.06 11.30
SEm± 0.34 5.70 1.10 0.12 0.03 0.16 1.62 0.24
CD @ 5% 1.02 16.95 3.26 0.35 0.10 0.49 4.83 0.70
Chaurasiya et al. (2016)
Vegetable research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour Bhagalpur during the
spring summer season of 2014.
In case of musk melon on application of Ethrel @ 150ppm (T8) recorded the highest yield along with other
yield attributing parameters. Where as the TSS is maximum in Ethrel @ 200ppm (T9 ).
14

23. Table-10 Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering and yield of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Treatments
Days to 1st
male
flowering
Days to 1st
female
flowering
No. of male
flowers/
vine
No. of female
flowers/ vine
No. of
fruits
/vine
Fruit
weight
(kg)
Fruit
yield/
plant
(kg)
Fruits
yield
(t/ha)
T1-(Control) water 18.22 49.07 120.53 8.45 3.39 0.159 0.53 1.30
T2-(NAA 50ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 31.97 32.12 80.92 13.95 8.63 0.433 3.22 7.01
T3-(NAA 150ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 42.76 21.42 63.23 17.43 10.63 0.679 7.01 16.4
T4-(SADH 500ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 36.52 28.61 72.69 15.49 9.40 0.527 4.73 10.50
T5-(SADH 1000ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 26.09 36.51 92.14 12.27 6.45 0.412 2.42 5.09
T6-(GA3 10ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 32.02 33.05 82.95 12.41 8.47 0.509 4.18 9.41
T7-(GA3 20ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 40.57 25.10 64.46 16.31 9.68 0.603 5.76 13.15
T8-(Kinetin 10ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 26.36 40.07 101.37 11.25 7.47 0.336 2.24 5.49
T9-(Kinetin 20ppm+Ethrel 250ppm) 23.11 44.16 103.22 9.71 5.43 0.310 1.53 3.51
T10-( Ethrel 250ppm)
20.06 48.16 105.13 9.51 4.42 0.234 1.42 2.84
Devi and Madhanakumari (2015)
Annamalai, Tamil Nadu, India , During Jan-April,2015
In case of muskmelon on application of NAA 150ppm+Ethrel 250ppm (T3) recorded the highest fruit yield along
with other yield attributing parameters as compare to control and other treatments. SADH-Succinic acid 2-2- dimethyl hydrazide 15

24. Ridge gourd

25. Table-11 Effect of growth regulators and stages of spray on seed yield and seed quality parameters of ridge gourd [Luffa
acutangula (Roxb) L. ]
Treatments
Fruit
weight(gm)
Fruit
length(cm)
Fruit
diameter(cm)
100 seed
weight (gm)
Matured fruit
yield/ plant (gm)
Seed yield/
plant (gm)
S1-(25ppm GA3) 22.11 20.89 5.15 13.25 40.22 9.22
S2-(50ppm GA3) 22.82 20.60 4.06 13.08 38.73 8.46
S3-(250ppm Ethrel) 22.73 19.62 4.36 13.14 39.60 10.13
S4-(500ppm Ethrel) 32.76 19.56 3.95 13.41 65.84 12.79
S5-(50ppm NAA) 29.80 18.80 3.93 12.86 50.30 8.63
S6-(100ppm NAA) 26.87 19.29 3.99 12.86 38.20 10.09
S7-(100ppm Cycocel) 22.53 18.22 4.15 12.87 32.80 9.67
S8-(200ppm Cycocel) 25.13 18.49 3.99 12.56 35.62 9.36
S9-(Water spray) 19.00 18.73 4.26 12.58 36.78 10.33
S10-Control (No spray) 19.31 20.27 4.42 12.57 26.42 8.63
S.Em. 1.65 0.96 0.33 0.85 2.03 0.87
C.D. 6.45 3.75 1.29 NS 7.94 3.40
C.V. % 11.72 8.51 13.50 11.36 8.70 15.48
Jyoti et al.(2016)
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, INDIA; During summer,2013
In case of ridge gourd on application of 500ppm Ethrel (S4) recorded the highest matured fruit yield along with
fruit weight, seed yield/ plant parameters as compare to control and other treatments. Where as application of 25ppm
GA3 (S1) can enhances the fruit length and fruit diameter. 16

26. Table-12 Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxb L.) cv. Pusa Nasdar*
Treatments No. of
male
flower
No. of
female
flower
Sex ratio
(M/F)
No. of
fruit/ vine
Avg. length
of fruit(g)
Avg. weight
of fruit(g)
Avg. yield
(q/ha)
T1-(NAA 50mg/lit.) 349.15 45.65 6.18 17.37 20.93 296.00 114.75
T2-(NAA 100mg/lit.) 346.62 47.46 5.87 17.60 21.50 299.33 120.67
T3-(Cycocel 100mg/lit.) 323.84 41.18 7.44 17.17 16.77 249.67 97.58
T4-(Cycocel 200mg/lit.) 324.01 41.50 7.22 16.86 16.30 217.33 94.71
T5-(Ethrel 100ppm) 260.11 50.55 4.05 17.90 22.65 311.67 129.23
T6-(Ethrel 200ppm) 250.12 55.28 3.3 20.09 23.73 331.67 134.50
T7-(Pinching of 1° Bud @ 30DAS) 357.71 40.24 8.25 16.92 16.50 242.50 106.82
T8-(Removal of male flower from 45
DAS to onwards (weekly))
337.60 37.10 8.44 14.94 16.47 242.08 103.57
T9-(Water spray) 387.93 37.77 9.51 13.97 15.73 193.33 85.92
T10-( Control) water 406.91 37.18 10.10 11.54 14.47 175.00 68.77
SEm± 17.55 2.31 0.35 0.90 1.08 12.21 6.07
CD @ (P= 0.05) 52.15 6.85 1.04 2.69 3.20 36.29 18.04
C.V. (%) 9.09 9.21 8.57 9.52 10.08 8.27 9.95
Vyas et al. (2015)
Anand Agricultural University, Anand ( Kharif , 2009.)
In case of ridge gourd on application of 200ppm Ethrel (T6) recorded the highest avg. fruit yield along with other yield
attributing parameters as compare to control and other treatments 17

27. Precaution in Growth Regulator
Application
• Growth substances should be
sprayed preferably in the
afternoon.
• Spray should be uniform both
the surface of leaves.
• Avoid spraying in windy
hours.
• Add surfactant or adhesive
material (like Teepol,Tween-
20) with growth substances
solution.
• Fine spray can be ensured by hand
atomizer. It is most economical and
effective method of spray. Wash the
sprayer after each spraying.
• Repeat the spray within eight hours if
chemical is wash out due to rain.
• Use growth substances at proper
stage of plant growth are of great
importance.
• Chemical should be completely
dissolved before use over plant.
• Use always fresh solution(PGR).
• Solution should always be
prepared in distilled water only.
18

28. Constraints in the use of growth regulators
The cost of developing new
plants growth regulator is
very high due to which they
are very much costly.
Assessment process for plant
growth regulatory activities
contain high costs and is very
much difficult.
Lack of basic knowledge of
toxicity and mechanism of
action.
Inadequate market potential.
Some synthetic plant growth
regulators causes human
health hazards e.g.
Daminozide (C6H12N2O3).
Difficulty in identification of proper
stage of crop at which the growth
regulators should be applied.
19

29. Summery
01
 Application of 100 ppm GA3, exhibited
maximum growth, flowering and yield.
 Application 100 ppm Malic Hydrazide +100
ppm Ethephon for increases the growth.
 Application of 100 ppm NaCl + GA3
increased the seed germination and seedling
growth parameters.
03
 Fruit yield and quality attributing
parameters was obtained by applying 200
ppm MH
 Increase in growth, flowering and yield
attributes by foliar application 20 ppm
TIBA ( Triiodobenzoic acid)
.
05
 Foliar application of GA3 60ppm increases
the vegetative growth and yield characters
02
 Application of 100 ppm Ethrel and GA3
@ 100 ppm exhibited maximum growth
and yield character
04
 Application of 150 ppm Ethrel and 150
ppm NAA + 250 ppm Ethrel was applied,
highest values for yield parameters
06
 Application of 25 ppm GA3 showed
significant effect on fruit length, fruit
diameter and weight of 100 seed
Cucumber
Bottle gourd
Watermelon
Muskmelon
Bitter gourd
Ridge gourd
20

30. Conclusion
• Plant growth regulators have an immense potential in
vegetable production to increase the yield and quality.
• PGR plays an important role in synchronization of flowering,
earliness, cold and high temperature fruit setting, sex
modification and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of
vegetables to better meet the requirements of food supply in
general.
21

31. Future thrust
Applications of PGR's must
lead to quantifiable advantages
for the user.
More research is needed to
develop simple, economical
and technical viable
production systems of PGR’s.
Most of the biological processes associated are
heritable, so gene transfer may be difficult and
hence the use of PGR's may be beneficial for short
imperatives.
PGR’s provide an immediate
impact on crop improvement
programs and are less time
consuming.
PGRs must be specific in their
action and environmentally
safe.
22

32. References

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34.  Jyoti S., Patel N. B. and Patel J. B. ., (2016). Effect of growth regulators and stages of spray on
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35. Thank You