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1. Mineral Binding
Value creation from Process Fines and Tailings Facilities

2. Economic rehabilitation and value from waste streams
Flexible and tailored binding solution
Industry leading product quality
Reduce legacy tailings facility risks, environmental and financial
liability
Pretium the agent for patent protected BSL solution
Summary

3. Tailings, fines and mill waste
Mills and Mines cannot recover all minerals which are fed into processing plants
Costs and Risks
Waste storage and rehabilitation represents a large cost for businesses and a growing risk legacy
Current approaches don’t release the latent value of unrecovered product. Further, once recovered from wastes,
tends to be very fine, which causes handling, transportation and processing issues, eroding or eliminating value
Various solutions have been developed to agglomerate raw material or waste fines, however, none provide a high
pellet or briquette which can be processed in current production lines consistently without introducing
requiring massive capital investment and using large amounts of energy
High-Value Products
BSL have developed a tailored polymer-based binding technology to produce high value briquettes and pellets
the current alternative solutions
BSL intimately understand the challenges faced by operations, creating binding agents to maximise the value of
recovered product
The BSL ethos has expanded (from being developed to cater to steel mills) to other commodities and verticals
slag reclamation) as quality of binders advanced – leading to BSL being the world leading binder technology
with patented binding solutions
The Zero Waste Mill & Mine
Creating value-add products from mill waste and mine tailings

4. Julian Lee | BSL Executive Director & CEO
Julian is a serial entrepreneur and investor focused on technology companies. Julian cofounded a digital marketing firm (sold to a Plc) and founded several businesses
in the medical devices, drug development, IP commercialisation and IT spaces. He is a serial investor and advisor to technology companies in a variety of industries
(recently investing in a medical device company sold for $900m with a 75x return and a software business sold with a 3 year, 8x return). More recently Julian has
focused on natural resources, founding African Resource Capital. Julian qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Deloitte & Touche before working in corporate
finance, private equity and venture capital. Julian has a law degree from Cambridge.
Richard Joyce | BSL Head of Technology​
Richard is an experienced chemist and has worked on the technology since its inception. Having previously headed laboratory operations and worked for Tarmac
Lafarge, Richard now conducts R&D, binder formulation and larger scale trials for customers both at the lab and on site. He is a member of the institute of Quarrying.
Anthony Harris | Pretium Managing Director
Anthony is a resource industry professional with a demonstrated history of working in the mining & metals industry. Skilled in Occupational Health, Coal Mining,
Management and Continuous Improvement. Qualified with a Graduate Diploma in Mine Ventilation from University of New South Wales completed after bachelors
degrees in mining engineering and commerce from the University of Queensland. Anthony is also an Investment Fund director of a Mauritian based African trade
finance fund and has completed the MIoD Company Directors course.
Barry Harris | Pretium tailings remining advisor
Barry Harris is a resource industry professional with experience in senior corporate roles, including company compliance, operational mine management, strategic
planning, project development, technical improvements, strict financial management, team development and ongoing mentoring. Graduating from the University of
Queensland with an honours degree in Mining Engineering, Barry has gone on to complete numerous post graduate studies including a Master’s of Mineral Economics
and Energy Economics, as well as graduated from the AICD and MIoD Company Directors courses. Barry’s experience within the mining industry includes varied roles
in coal and a range of metalliferous operations, spanning numerous countries and jurisdictions. During which time he qualified for and held various statutory positions.
With a focus on safely increasing operational physicals, improving standards, cost reduction, technical improvements, developing high performing teams and system
optimisation.
The BSL & Pretium Team

5. Competitive Advantages
BSL represents a paradigm shift in binding cost and quality outcomes which allows value to be unlocked in
otherwise uneconomic materials
BSL Competitors
Low energy consumption  
Binding agents safe and non-deleterious  
Low Capex  
Binder tailored to specific product  
Utilise “off the shelf” pelletising equipment  
Ability to operate in parallel to operating plant  
Sample coal briquettes

6. Applications
Multiple different uses of technology to produce value-add products
Primary Iron Ore
• Bind iron ore fines to access typical 20%
premium for lump iron; or
• Bind fines resulting from beneficiation
of lower grade iron ore deposits
• Increase recovery through incorporation
of greater volume of fines fractions
Steel Mill Fines / Wastes
• Waste iron fines bound for re-use in
steel mill
• Reprocessing and beneficiation of
legacy iron rich slag, removing
environmental liability and providing
steel mill feed
Mine Tailings
• Economic rehabilitation by monetizing
waste fines into saleable, high value
product
• Removes the tailings facilities and
reduces the cost of
capping/rehabilitation
• Potential for reclassification of tailings
dam to mineral reserve, reducing
environmental liability
Coal Fines
• Avoid the need for prohibitively expensive
drying of mine production
• Up to 30% moisture coal can be pelletised to
create product with less than 0.1% moisture
without drying
• Provide path to mining of interbedded seams
requiring beneficiation by addressing fines
materials handling
Smelter fines
• Used at smelters to bind waste
fines/dust/sludge/mill scale for re-use as feed
• Reduce/remove environmental liability,
improve economics

7. Moisture
Extruder and binder used to deal with moisture content
Pressure from extruder acts as a catalyst for the polymers and heat from
chemical process drives out moisture
Strength
If thermal strength not required, cheaper additives can be used, i.e.
briquetting is only required for material handling
Good tumble and drop strengths achieved 40-80kg (ISO) passed in coal
Value Generation
Costing for coal binding has varied from $8-$25/t
Pelletising Coal fines creates coal from what is otherwise an
environmental liability
Improves recovery by eliminating loss of fine coal
Binding of fines resulting from beneficiation of interbedded seams
Coal
BSL binding agents particularly suite to Coal fines
Coal briquettes pre and post furnace tests

8. Process binds iron ore fines to
the same specifications as the
induration process;
Up to 500kg of strength (ISO),
with good tumble and drop
strengths have been achieved
Binder cost for iron ore
applications has ranges from
US$9-18/t
c$1.5m of risk for first line of c.
100ktpa production
Pelletising Iron Ore fines to
realise lump premium
Iron Ore
Video showing Strength of
iron fines briquetted
Video showing Briquetting
plant in operation
Magnetite briquettes
Iron ore mines and steel mills represent a key fines binding candidate
Haematite Pellets

9. 1. Laboratory testing
• 100kg sample required for initial laboratory testing;
• Over 100 different polymers in various formulas assessed for specific material
• Additive used varies from 0.05% to a high of 2.5%, typically 0.5%
• Process uses pressure of briquetting roller presses or extruding pelletisers in
combination with additive
• Robust across particle sizing, importantly works with very fine material
• Everything in laboratory scaled down from production; and
• Laboratory team experienced in the field having worked in industry
• This provides an initial indication on the likely binder cost which has ranged
from USD$3-25/t - product dependent
2. Optimisation
• Initial testing - indication of economics & feasibility
• Further testing to refine and improve business case when justified
• Swing factor within financial modelling is the binder
Implementation Process
Laboratory → Optimisation → Bulk Trial → First Module → Line Replication
Coal Strength
Testing
Coal Briquettes

10. 3. Bulk Trial
• Some materials require either briquetting or
pelletising
• Selection can be based on customer preference
4. First Module
• Work with established/preferred engineering firm
• BSL collaborate with two leading extrusion and
briquetting companies
• Established chemical companies supply required
chemicals/polymers for the process
5. Line Replication
• Build additional lines as required by project
• Unit cost reduced with larger project, overhead
spread over greater production
Implementation Process
Laboratory → Optimisation → Bulk Trial → First Module → Line Replication

11. Royalty
Royalty charged calculated as minor share of value created by use of technology –
Open book with royalty over and above cost, company’s profit is a share of value
created; and
Industry Standard licensing model
Joint Venture
JV with third parties for execution - In Australia, Pretium can partner with OEM’s and
groups with a successful track record in mine site rehabilitation and project execution
(such as New Century Resources, NCZ.ASX)
Owner Operator
Develop and finance the project
Business Model
Contractual arrangement is flexible, tailored to suit client requirements

12. Binding Solutions Limited
https://www.bindingsolutions.uk/
DAS mining solutions – Partner for tailings dewatering and emplacement
https://www.dasms.com.au/
New Century Resources– example of successful project execution in tailings
re-mining
https://www.newcenturyresources.com/
Links
Pretium Enterprises – Agent for BSL in Australia

13. Anthony Harris
MANAGING DIRECTOR
+61 410 179 852
anthony@pretiumworldwide.com