environmental movements politicla science

1. Environmental Movements

2. TOPIC : ENVIRONMENTAL
MOVEMENTS
Presented By : Anshul Yadav
Class : XII ‘Arts’
Roll No. :
Subject : Political Science
Under The Supervision Of :
Mr. Ajay Yadav [Principle]
Mrs. Manisha Choudhary [Subject Teacher]
[2022 – 2023]

3. Certificate
This is to certify that Anshul Yadav of class XII ‘Arts’ has successfully
completed his PPT project on the topic Environmental Movements and has
followed all the instructions given.
Date :
Internal Examiner : External Examiner :

4. Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my special thanks of gratitude to my Political Science
teacher Mrs. Manisha Choudhary for her able guidance in completing my PPT
and also my Principle Mr. Ajay Yadav for allowing me to complete this project.
Date : Class : 12th
Arts

5. INDEX
S.No Topic Slide.No
Teacher’s
Remark
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction
Types of Movements
Sites of different mvmts. in India
Different Environmental Movements
Localised Movements
Strategies of Movements
Conclusion
5
6
7
8-26
27
28
29

6.  An Environmental Movement can be defined as a social or political movement, for the
conservation of environment or for the improvement of the state of the environment.
 Environmental Movements favour the Sustainable Management of natural resources. The
movements often stress of the protection of the environment via changes in public policy .
 Many movements are centred on ecology, health and human rights.
 The spatial scope of various Environmental Movements ranges from being local to national
to global.
 Introduction

7. Forest Based
Land Degradation Based
Water Issues And Dams
Pollution Issues – Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 Types of Movements

8. India : Sites of
Major Struggles
of
Environmental
Movements .

9.  Year: 1700s; Place: Khejarli, Marwar Region, Rajasthan State.
 Amrita Devi, a female villager could not bear to witness the destruction of both her faith and
her village’s sacred trees. She hugged the trees and encouraged others to do the same.
 363 Bishnoi villagers were killed in this movement. The Bishnoi tree martyrs were influenced by
the teachings of Guru Maharaj Jambaji, who founded the Bishnoi faith in 1485 and set forth
principles forbidding harm to trees and animals.
 The king who came to know about these events rushed to the village and apologized, ordering
the soldiers to cease logging operations. Soon afterward, the Maharaja designated the Bishnoi
state as the protected area, forbidding harm to trees and animals.
 This legislation still exists in this region.
 Bishnoi Movement
 Different Movements

10.  Bishnoi Movement

11.  Year: 1973; Place: In Chamoli District and later at Tehri-Garhwal district of Uttrakhand.
 Leaders: Sunder Lal Bahuguna, Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt,
Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh Negi, Shamsher Singh Bisht, Ghanasyam Raturi.
 Chipko Movement

12.  Chipko Movement

13.  The women of Advani village of Tehri-Garhwal tied the sacred thread around the trunk of the
trees and they hugged the trees, hence it was called ‘ Chipko Movement ’ or ‘ Hug the Tree
Movement ’ .
 Main demand of the people in these protests was that the benefits of the forests (especially
the right to fodder) should go to the local people.
 The Chipko Movement gathered the momentum in 1978 when the women faced police
firings and other tortures.
 This became the turning point in the history of eco-development struggles in the region and
around the world.
 Chipko….

14.  Chipko Protest

15. What Chipko did ?
 Success of Chipko Movement
 The movement has spread to many states in the country.
 It stopped felling of trees in the Western Ghats and the Vindhyas.
 Generated pressure for formulation of a Natural Resource Policy.
 Achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green felling on the Himalayan Forests.
 More than 1,00,000 trees have been saved from excavation.
 Started protecting forests slopes and restoring bare ones.

16.  Year: 1978; Place: Silent Valley, an Evergreen Tropical forest in the Palakkad district of Kerala,
India.
 The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) proposed a hydroelectric dam across the
Kunthipuzha River that runs through the Silent Valley.
 In February 1973, Planning Commission approved the project.
 Many feared that the project would submerge 8.3 sq KM of untouched Moist Evergreen
Forest.
 Several NGOs led by KSSP (Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad ), strongly opposed the project
and urged the government to abandon it.
 In January 1981, bowing to unrelenting public pressure, Indira Gandhi declared that Silent
valley will be protected.
 In 1985, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi formally inaugurated the Silent Valley National Park.
 Silent Valley

17.  Silent Valley

18.  Year: 1983; Place: Uttara Kannada and Shimoga Districts of Karnataka State.
 Appiko’s greatest strengths lies in it being neither driven by a personality nor having been
formally institutionalized. However, it does have a facilitator Pandurang Hegde. He helped
lauch the movement in 1983.
 Popularly referred to as Chipko Of South.
 Appiko Movement

19.  The Appiko Movement was locally known as “Appiko Chaluvali”.
 The locals embraced the trees which were to be felled by the contractors of the forest
department.
 Appiko Movement used various techniques to raise awareness such as – foot marches in the
interior forest, slide shows, folk dances, street plays etc.
 The second area of the movement’s work was to promote afforestation on denuded lands.
 The movement later focused on the rational use of ecosphere through introducing
alternative energy resources to reduce pressure on the forest.
 Appiko…

20.  Appiko Protest

21.  Year: 1985; Place: Narmada River, which flows through the states of Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh
and Maharashtra.
 Medha Pateker, Baba Amte, adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human right activists.
 India’s oldest environment struggle.
 Narmada Andolan

22.  Narmada River

23.  The movement first started as a protest for not providing proper rehabilitation and
resettlement for the people who have been displaced by the construction of Sardar Sarovar
Dam.
 Later on, the movement turned its focus on the preservation of the environment and the eco-
system of the valley.
 Activists also demanded the height of the dam to be reduced to 88 m from the proposed
height of 130 m.
 World Bank withdrew from this project.
 NBA…

24.  NBA…
 This project is now largely financed by the state government and market borrowings. This
project is expected to be fully completed by 2025.
 Although not successful, as the dam could not be prevented, the NBA has created an anti-big
dam opinion in India and outside.
 It questioned the paradigm of development. As a democratic movement, it followed Gandhian
Principles.

25.  NBA Struggle

26.  Year: 1990’s, Place: Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand.
 Tehri Dam attracted national attention in the 1980s and 1990s.
 The major objections included – seismic sensitivity of the region, submergence of forest areas
along with Tehri town etc.
 Despite the support from other prominent leaders like Sunderlal Bahuguna, the movement
has failed to gather enough popular support at national as well as international levels.
 Tehri Dam Struggle

27.  Tehri Dam Protest

28. Localised Movements
Ralegaon Siddhi
Tarun Bharat Sangh
Pani Panchayat
Deccan Development Society

29. Strategies of Movements
 Rural to Urban
 Local to Global
 Use of Technology
 Role of State
 Role of Media
 Role of Judiciary
 Environment Rights

30. Conclusion
 In the past we have seen environmental movements bringing positive changes to
the nation. But with the increase in population and demands of the consumers
and the main focus of the governments engaging in economic and military
development in the country, the environment factor has been largely ignored.
 As responsible citizens of our country, and the most advanced species of the
our primary responsibility to ensure the health of earth. Environmental
have been a bold initiative throughout the history to challenge the norms which
been threatening to degrade the ecosystem.

31. Bibliography
• www.studyrankers.com
• www.zigya.com
• www.learninsta.com
• www.paathshala.com
• www.merintation.com
• www.byjus.com
• www.magnetbrains.com