Stages of Writing Brief Introduction

1. Stages of Writing
Knowledge For All

2. Controlled Writing
• Teacher plays an active role.
• Content and language is provided by the teacher.
• Students learn use of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
conjunctions, etc.
• Concerned with accuracy of the language
• Examples of Controlled Writing: Copying exercises, substitution tables,
combining sentences, etc.

3. Guided Writing
• Both teacher and students are equally involved.
• Guidance from the teacher
• The teacher guides about the patterns on which letters, applications, stories,
etc. are written. Students follow the patterns.
• Outline is discussed orally in the class.
• Guided Writing is concerned with organization of material.

4. • Exercises in Guided Writing
Completion (Teacher can give incomplete sentences to the students to
complete them.)
Reproduction (Teacher can ask the students to reproduce a text in their
own words after reading it.)
Transformation (Teacher can ask the students to write sentences by
changing their forms.)
Summarizing (Teachers can ask the students to write the summary of any
text.)
Expansion (Teacher can tell the students some points, to which they will
use and create passage.)

5. Free Writing
• Last stage of writing
• Develops students power of creativity
• Student plays an active role
• Examples: Composition, Essays
• Students write without the interference of teachers.
• Students use their own language and content.
• Students give expression to their thoughts freely.

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