This document summarizes four approaches to teaching English: structural, situational, communicative, and functional. It defines each approach and outlines their key principles. The structural approach focuses on teaching grammar rules and habits through drills. The situational approach teaches language in real-world contexts using objects and actions. The communicative approach avoids explicit grammar instruction and focuses on interaction and communication. The functional approach views language as a tool for expression and meets learners' specific communication needs.

1. • Class: M.A. Sem-3
• Roll No.: 28
• Paper No. 12-A : English Language Teaching
• Enrollment No.: PG 14101019
• Prepared By : Vaishali Hareshbhai Jasoliya
• Email – ID: jasoliyavaishali@gmail.com
• Submitted To: Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji
Bhavnagar University
Various Approaches (Structural,
Situational, Functional, Communicative)

2. • What is approach?
• Various approaches
• Structural approach
• Situational approach
• Communicative approach
• Functional approach
Index

3. What is Approach?
“Theoretical positions and
beliefs about the nature of
language, the nature of
language learning, and the
applicability of both to
pedagogical settings”

4. • The Structural Approach
• The Situational Approach
• Communicative Approach
• Functional Approach
Various Approaches

5. • Meaning:
“ The arrangement of words in such a
way as to form a suitable pattern.“
• Our teaching of language , there for, must be based on
those activities which are useful in learning the skill.
• The approach clearly shows that it is a way to teach the
language through language with the help of graded
structures, vocabulary and other language elements.
• Language learning through oral work, becomes lively
and real.
The Structural Approach

6. • “ This Approach is
based on the belief
that in the learning
of a foreign
language, mastery
of structure is
more important
than the
acquisition of
vocabulary.”

7. Principles of the Structural Approach
• Forming language habits:
The learners should acquires the habit of
arranging words in English standard sentence
patterns through language drill.
• Importance of speech:
Speech as more important than reading and
writing. Speech is the necessary means of fixing
firmly all ground work.
• Importance of pupil’s activity:
The importance of the pupil’s activities
rather than the activity of the teacher.

8. • Meaning:
The approach to establish a direct
relationship between the object presented and
the idea, thought or linguistic symbols contained
in two word or a structural item presented in
the class by using and creating different
appropriate, real and related situation.
The situational language teaching relies on the
structural views of languages.
• Example:
Picture and charts, Objects, Action,
Question -answers
The Situational Approach

10. Principles of the Situational Approach
• Attention and interest
• Action-chains
• Variety and simplicity
• The principle of play
• The principle of hearing

11. • Meaning:
In terms of language teaching, the
communicative approach is a way of teaching
a second language that avoids teaching
grammar.
 Instead of that, it focuses on the
communicative patterns of language, that is,
interaction in class throughout ordinary
situations and everyday experiences.
The Communicative Approach

12. • Develops speech habits of
the students
• Stresses most of the skill
of language
• Activities are important
• Student centered
• Teacher is facilitator,
manager, guide
• No interference of
grammar
• Functional side of
language is important

13. Principles of the communicative
Approach
• Learners learn through using it to
communicate authentic and meaningful
communication should be the goal of
classroom activities.
• Fluency is an important dimension of
communication.
• Communication involves the integration of
different language skill.
• Learning is a process of creative construction
and involves trial and error.

14. The Functional Approach
• The language is a vehicle for
the expression of functional
meaning.
• The communicative
movement in language
teaching subscribes to this
view of language.
• The English for specific
purposes movement
likewise begins not from a
structural theory of
language but from a
functional account of
learners needs.

16. • Thus, we can say that language is a skill
and these all approaches are more
important for learning a language.
Through this approaches we
can learn easily language.
Conclusion