Periodontics dentistry

1. PERIODONTICS

2. DEFINITION:
• A branch of dentistry that is concerned with prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases that affect the gums and
supporting structures of the teeth

3. Periodontium
• Peri – around Odont - Tooth
• Is the specialized tissues that surrounds and supports the teeth,
maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones
• It consists of the supporting tissues of the tooth, namely:
• Gingiva
• Periodontal ligaments
• Cementum
• Alveolar bone.

5. • Gingiva: Part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar
process of the jaws and surrounds the neck of the teeth
• Periodontal ligaments: is the connective tissue that
surrounds the root and connects it to the bone
Functions: Cushions, Transmission of occlusal forces to
the bone, attachment of the tooth to the bone, resistance
to the impact of occlusal forces (shock absorber),

6. • Cementum: is the calcified avascular tissue that forms the anatomical
covering of the root
• Alveolar process: Part of the maxilla and mandible that supports the
tooth sockets, It forms when the tooth erupts and gradually
disappears when the tooth is lost.

7. Dental Plaque
• Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless or pale yellow biofilm that is
constantly forming on teeth. When saliva, food and fluids combine,
plaque - which contains bacteria - forms between the teeth and along
the gum line.
• Dental plaque begins forming on teeth 4-12 hours after brushing,
which is why it is so important to brush thoroughly at least twice a
day and floss daily.
• Plaque is the root cause of many oral health issues. The bacteria in
plaque produce acids that attack tooth enamel causing cavities. The
bacteria in plaque can also cause the early stage of gum disease
called gingivitis.

8. • Plaque can also contribute to halitosis (bad breath) and can make
teeth to appear yellowish in colour.
• If plaque is not regularly removed from by proper tooth brushing and
flossing, it mineralizes into calculus (tartar), a hard, yellow or brown
deposit that tightly adheres to the teeth and can only be removed by
a dental professional. If calculus is not removed it can lead to
gingivitis which can later progress into periodontitis.
• Plaque can either be subgingival or supragingival

9. Supra and Subgingival

11. Dental Calculus
• Dental calculus is calcified dental plaque, composed primarily of
calcium phosphate mineral salts deposited between and within
remnants of formerly viable microorganisms. A viable dental plaque
covers mineralized calculus deposits.
• Both supra- and subgingival occurs in the majority of adults
worldwide

12. CALCULUS

14. Healthy Periodontium Vs Diseased Periodontium
HEALTHY PERIODONTIUM DISEASED PERIODONTIUM
Gingiva: Firm in texture, surface
stippling
Gingiva: Swollen, reddish,
bleeding
No periodontal pockets Deep pockets
No gum recession Gum recession
No tooth mobility Tooth mobility and drifting
No halitosis Halitosis
No pain during mastication Pain during mastication
No evidence of bone loss Bone loss

15. Gingivitis Vs Periodontitis

16. Gingivitis Vs Periodontitis

17. Gingivitis Periodontitis

18. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis(ANUG)

19. Pyogenic Granuloma

20. Drug induced gingivitis

21. Pericoronitis

22. Abscesses

23. Treatment Modalities
Gingivitis:
• Oral hygiene education
• Scaling & Polishing
• Recall appointments 6 monthly
Periodontitis
• Oral hygiene education
• Scaling & Polishing
• Root planning
• Recall appointments every 3-6 months

24. Treatment Modalities cont..
Pericoronitis
• Operculectomy
• Debridment
Gingival growth/hyperplasia, Bone loss, Gum recession, Sub gingival
calculus
• Periodontal surgery
• Flap surgery
• Gingivectomy
• Gingivoplasty
• Bone graft

25. Antibiotics/Antimicrobials
• Chlohexidine Gluconate – Mouth rinses and gels
• Triclosan – in toothpastes (Colgate Total toothpaste)
• Metronidazole
• Doxycyclin
• Clindamycin
• Penicilin

26. CLINICAL PERFORMANCE AUDIT(2019)
UNIT NO. %
Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery
2,644 61.12
Operative Dentistry 1,011 23.37
Periodontics 486 11.23
Prosthodontics 185 4.28
Total Visits 4,326 100%

27. PERIODONTIC SERVICES
Disease condition NO. Treatment NO.
Periodontitis 119 Periodontal
Surgery/Extraction
72
Scaling & Polishing 37
Therapeautically 10
Gingivitis 118 Scaling & Polishing 111
Therapeautically 07
Calculus & Dental plaque 110 Scaling & Polishing 99
Therapeautically 11
Periodontal pockets 72 Dedridment 65
Therapeautically 07
Pericoronitis 67 Operculectomy 39
Therapeutically 24
Total 486

28. Thank you