1. Task 4
The Concept of Zero Waste Industry (2 sks)
Lecturer : Dr. Ir. Arif Kusumawanto, M.T., I.A.I
Research Proposal
Processing and Utilization of Animal Waste use 3R Method With The
Principle of Zero Waste in Pandansimo Baru
(Out Line of case Study)
By :
Andik Irawan 11/ 322107/PTK/07426
Master Program of System Engineering
Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University
Yogyakarta 2012

2. Table of contents
Tabel of Contents ......................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Title .......................................................................... 2
1.2 Background .......................................................................... 2
1.3 Purpose and Benefit .............................................................. 3
The MAIN IDEA
2.1 Conditions Pandansimo .............................................................. 4
2.2 Animal waste in Pandansimo ................................................... 5
2.3 Livestock waste management with the principles of the 3R .... 5
2.4 Public participation in the processing of animal waste ................ 6
2.5 Behavior / Human Actions Affecting Factors ............................ 7
2.6 Outline and restriction issues ..................................................... 10
2.7 Hypothesis ............................................................................. 11
CONCLUSION
3.1The proposed idea ................................................................. 11
3.2Technique Implementasion ..................................................... 12
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3. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Title
Processing and Utilization of Animal Waste 3R Method With The Principle of
Zero Waste in Pandansimo Baru.
1.2 Background
The concept of rural development in particular areas in Indonesia was born
of an interactive process that combines basic theoretical understanding with
practical experience as a form of dynamic application. In other words, the
concept of regional development in Indonesia is an amalgamation of various
theories and models that have been tested constantly growing apply.
Furthermore reformulated into an approach that is tailored to the conditions
and needs of development in Indonesia.
Based on the understanding of the conceptual understanding of regional
development can be formulated as a series of attempts to bring coherence in
the use of various resources, glue and balancing national development and
national territorial integrity, increase harmony between regions, through the
integration between the development sector on an understanding theoretical
and empirical experiences above, then the conceptual understanding of
regional development can be formulated as a series of attempts to bring
coherence in the use of various resources, glue and balancing national
development and unity of the national territory, increasing inter-regional
harmony, integration between the development sector through the process of
spatial planning role in the achievement of sustainable development goals in
the container Homeland.
The development of energy related area is preferred to meet the goals in
the region's energy needs and the needs of the industry tanggga. Since the oil
crisis, the attention of the world, including Indonesia, the development of
renewable energy sources and technologies of oil is increasing. Dependence
only on fossil energy sources and imports for energy, particularly oil, natural
gas and coal as well as increasing energy demand in Indonesia, should be
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4. anticipated through the efforts of developing alternative energy sources
available and environmentally friendly. Development of rural areas have
considerable opportunity for berkontribisi in alternative energy development
program. Under the direction of the national team developing alternative
energy biofuels (BBN), in the area should be linked poverty alleviation and
job creation. In addition, the development of biogas in rural areas also need to
consider the benefits and feasibility in order to take place on an ongoing basis.
In relation to the benefits, biogas is a renewable energy source that can
address energy needs and produce organic fertilizer in the form of solid and
liquid. The use of livestock manure into biogas by anaerobic fermentation
using bacteria and methanogens can support the application of the concept of
zero waste, so the practice of sustainable agriculture and environmentally
friendly can be achieved (Andreas Wiji SP, 2010).
In addition, the implementation of the 3R concept in achieving zero waste
is very important in the processing of animal waste. 3R is a method in the
application of the concept of zero waste, namely how to Reduce, Recycle,
Reuses to ethical principles of zero waste carried in Pandansimo Pandansimo
in developing regions associated with livestock waste utilization.
1.3 Purpose and Benefit
1.3.1 Purpose
From the theoritical above be expected with 3R Method and how
Implementation Zero Waste Consept it was concluded :
1. How the implementation of tools and technologies in the processing of
animal waste by applying 3r and the concept of zero waste.
2. Describe the behavior / action Pandansimo community in applying 3r
in livestock waste treatment and factors - factors that influence.
1.3.2 Benefit
Research in the application of the principle of 3r in the processing of
animal waste in Pandansimo have benefits theoretically and practically,
that :
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5. 1. From the point of academic, research is expected to be useful as a
comparison and reference materials or inputs for multiple parties
conduct further research, particularly with regard to social aspects
and economics of livestock waste management with the principles of
the 3Rs and the concept of zero waste.
2. From a practical point, the research is expected to be an input and
contributions to the various parties involved in the management
livestock waste to build an active community in the management and
utilization of energy or fertilizer animal waste results.
3. As an input to the city government in the region Pandansimo livestock
waste utilization independent energy role.
The MAIN IDEA
2.1 Conditions Pandansimo
Pandansimo a coastal area south of the city bantul where the beach is
located in the Village Pandansimo Poncosari, Srandakan District,
approximately 20 kilometers southwest of the City Bantul. Located adjacent
to the estuary Progo, and is the most west coast of the South Coast row
coming into the district of Bantul. The waves were big and wild, mystical
atmosphere was thick with many a sacred petilasan, fishing frenzy waves
ferociously fighting against a force attraction for tourists. In addition to the
beautiful panorama of the beach, on the beach there are also Pandansimo
pilgrimage attractions like Pandanpayung and Pandansari. Interesting thing to
do here is to shop direct sea fish from the local fisherman.
Pandansimo name itself comes from the word "pandan" (pandanus tree)
and "simo" (tiger). Here too there are various cultural activities such as
traditional ceremonies Merti Hamlet, harbor sea alms and performing arts
culture. Thus a small pleasure in the midst of life pulse Pandansimo Coast
fishermen. Simply mambayar admission tickets are on average under $ 2,000
per head, you can feel the heartbeat of the fishing management simplicity.
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6. Pandansimo besides coastal areas have an energy independent with solar
panel systems and wind tubin, several other conditions memperlihtkan areas
that need to be developed and used as a benchmark in the application of the
concept of zero waste. one obvious example that can be developed and made
in the self-energy and the tourist area of technology is the use of animal waste
as a raw material in making use of renewable energy and can be used as an
organic fertilizer such as liquid and solid. utilization of animal waste can be
processed with the 3R principles in the application of a zero waste region
Pandansimo
2.2 Animal waste in Pandansimo
Pandansimo one of the area has a number of beef cattle farm with about
200 cow and enough acreage in farms. strategic placement of livestock and
conceptual, so it is good in the development of the region by the nickname
Pandansimo energy independent. but the principle of the 3Rs in animal waste
can not be sufficiently complex that a good use of livestock waste is needed.
in addition to the application of the principle and the concept of zero waste 3r
need designed with creative ideas with layout innovation, technological
innovation, technology tourism. By utilizing animal waste into renewable
energy and use it to measure, Pandansimo other coastal areas particularly in
areas related to the development of the industry
2.3 Zero Waste management with the principles of the 3R
The new paradigm in the management of livestock waste more emphasis
on reduction of animal waste from the process of food metabolism cattle to
reduce the amount of animal waste pile and reduce the negative impacts of
livestock waste. Livestock waste management conducted a comprehensive
approach from upstream, since before produced a product that could
potentially be a waste of livestock, and downstream, the phase of the product
is used so that a new product, which is then used for the community.
Livestock waste management with new paragidma done by livestock waste
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7. handling activities. 3R principle in line with the new paradigm in Pandansimo
livestock waste management that focuses on the use of an advanced finished
product that can be used by people around Pandansimo.
The description of these three principles can be described as :
1. First principle is to Reduce or reduction of animal waste, which is an
attempt to reduce landfill waste in the animal. Each resource can make
livestock waste reduction efforts by changing consumer lifestyles, the
changing habits of livestock waste that littered order placed in special
units (degister).
2. The second principle, which means that Recycle the waste that has
been useless (waste) into biogas and organic fertilizer only after
through processing. livestock waste are fed into degister in fermented
into biogas and waste from residual fermentation though again be solid
or liquid organic fertilizer.
3. The third principle is Reuses (using) back haisl livestock waste
treatment, biogas fermentation that is used in the renewable energy and
waste fermentation Pandansimo recycled into solid or liquid organic
fertilizer. fertilizers used for agriculture in wliayah around
Pandansimo.
Principles and concepts on top is the essence of the practice of zero waste, zero
waste which has ethical principles in a natural harmony with the way
miminimalkan raw sewage into nature. so that continuity is maintained nature.
2.4 Public participation in the processing of animal waste
Participation is a concept that varies depending on what discipline
who review it. Each discipline has had different perspectives on participatory
and eventually become very complex terminology participation. Meanwhile
understanding or farmer participation is people's willingness to take part in
joint activities to support successful development programs without sacrificing
their interests. areas for public participation is in (a) the decision making
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8. process, (b) planning, (c) the implementation of the program, (d) monitoring
and evaluation process. The effective participation is when held together in
groups. The form and manner of such participation will result in synergies,
which in turn will generate economic benefits that can be enjoyed by
everyone.
Community leaders also have an important role in improving
masyarakat.dukungan community participation in the form of direct contact
with the leaders community through face-to-face activities directly affect
participation communities on livestock waste management program. Husodo
(2006) that conduct research on farmer participation in activities Ex DAFEP
(Decentraized Agriculture and Forestry Extension Project / Project
Decentralized Agricultural and Forestry Extension) in Bantul found that age
and insight / knowledge, attitudes and public figures significantly affect
farmers' participation.
According Holil (1980) there are 4 points that can affect participation
people from outside / environment, namely:
1. Intensive communication among citizens, between citizens community
and its leaders as well as the social systems in the community the system
on the outside.
2. Social climate, economic, political and cultural, both in family life,
socially, play, school, and community and nation favorable for growth and
development and encourage participation the community.
3. Opportunity to participate. The state of the environment and the
processes and structures social system of values and norms that enable and
encourage the social participation.
4. Freedom for initiative and creativity. Environment in the family society
or the political, social, cultural and allowing arise and encourage the
development of initiative, ideas, individuals or group.
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9. 2.5 Behavior / Human Actions Affecting Factors.
Behavior is the action of a person to interests or particular needs based on
knowledge, beliefs, values and norms are concerned, as well as a logical
consequence (ideal and normative) of the existence of knowledge, culture, or
mindset defined (Wakolimaya, 2001). The behavior is something that is not
absolute, it means a time behavior is subject to change. Changes in human
behavior can be determined and influenced by internal factors and external
factors. Baron and Byrne (1984) cited by Walgito (1999) states that according
to the theory of behavioral Heider Frittz is influenced by internal factors such
as attitudes and motives and factors external situation or environment.
Some of the factors that influence people's behavior in the management waste
include:
1. Knowledge
Domain knowledge is very important to change behavior. Behavior
that is based on knowledge of the more enduring (long lasting)
than that behavior is not based on knowledge. Level education also
affect the level of knowledge. It is that level of education provides
the strongest direct influence on people's behavior. The higher the
education level, the more widespread knowledge and awareness of
the environment. One can acquire knowledge by using the five
senses in accordance with experience, lessons, and understanding.
Someone will be positive if the knowledge obtaining either.
Otherwise one would be negative if imperfect knowledge gained.
2. Attitude
Attitude describes a person's like or dislike for a object. attitude is
a readiness oravailability to act, and not the implementation of a
specific motive. attitudeis an evaluative response that is based on a
form of reaction arisingconclusion of the stimulus in the form of
good or bad, positive or negative, pleasant or unpleasant, the next
process is expected he will acts or carry out any known or
disikapinya. However, a attitudes do not necessarily translate into
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10. action (overt behavior). attitude is not the same as the behavior and
the behavior does not always reflect a person's attitude, as is often
the case that a person exhibits behavior contrary to his attitude.
Attitudes may change with the gained information (knowledge)
Additional groups through persuasion and social pressure.
3. Role of Community Leaders
Community leaders have a critical role in provide information and
motivation to the people in the Understand and acting in
environmental management including waste management. behavior
is not only determined by individual attitudes but also by norms
opinion which is determined by the opinion leaders or influential
people on whether the subject was necessary, should or prohibited
behavior studied or how far the subject will follow the opinion of
the person.
4. Communication
Communication is one of the approaches developed for
development of a program / policy that aims to change behavior.
Communication is the process whereby an idea is transferred from
the source are transferred to the recipient in order to change their
behavior. Some of the indicators included in the communication
dimension is clarity and precision as well as communicators, media
communicant / target and response. A communicator must be
communicate information clearly and precisely to the
communicant. clearly, have a sense that the message / information
to be conveyed to understood by the communicant, while the exact
meaning timely and on target. Besides a communicator must
master the issues and can attract the attention of the communicant,
effective communication is the communication that results in
accordance with what is expected by the perpetrators
(communicator and communicant). In order to achieve the
appropriate communication expected, need to know the signs of
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11. effective communication. Signs of effective communication is a
common perception in the event between the communicator and
the communicant. Communication can also be done through media,
either directly or indirectly. Communication through the media
directly such as education and training, while indirectly is through
article / guide material. Communication is more effective when
done direct line of sight.
2.6 Outline and restriction issues.
One of the media in the case study visits of one sub-system is in terms of
processing and utilization of livestock waste. The case study referenced in the
development and utilization of animal waste in 3r principles and the concept
of zero waste. there are problems of livestock waste that is stored in a separate
degister between multiple units with a number of other cows that require a
complex number of units in the processing of biogas, in addition to the results
of waste fermentation biogas in Pandansimo not be used for organic fertilizer.
extent of the problem in the can after the case study was how livestock waste
treatment and utilization of biogas fermentation leftovers can be recycled back
into new products that can be used by people around Pandansimo. resulting in
the development of the above issues in need instrumental variables in
livestock waste management with the principle of 3r.
People's behavior in applying the principles of the 3Rs in waste management
can be affected by factors, both internal factors (knowledge and attitudes) and
external factors (the role of community leaders and communication). Factors
knowledge can influential as one's initial motivation to behave. Knowledge
predispose a person to act on an issue. The more he believed would an object,
then it will behave and act in accordance with his beliefs them. Knowledge of
factors can affect a person's initial motivation in behavior. Armed with a good
knowledge of the problems of garbage and benefits of waste management with
the 3R principles, it is expected that one can behave / act appropriately in the
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12. trash mengelolala ladder. Knowledge predispose a person to behave in a
problems.
Schema framework can be simply shown in figure 1
Waste management
policy with the
principle of 3r
Faktoc Internal :
1. Behavior
2. Atitude
Behavior Public Analysis and benefit
Faktoc Ekxternal :
1.Role of Community Leaders
Recomendation and
2. Comunication
strategic for Implementation
Figure 1. Schema framework
2.7 Hypothesis
The hypothesis of this study is:
1. People's behavior in waste management 3R principles influenced the
knowledge, attitudes, where leaders / local agencies, and communication.
2. Event-scale composting of organic waste residential areas have economic
potential and worth the effort as well as profitable for society.
CONCLUSION
3.1The proposed idea
Preparation and determination of the location for the manufacture of bio
digester needs to be determined and adjusted to the needs of that efficiency
can be controlled. The proposed idea is how the application of the principle of
3r not deviate from zero waste, and innovative technologies required in order
to design a tool in the processing can limbat klusterkan and sub per unit, so in
addition to biogas obtained results are also obtained the creative industries in
sewage treatment.
The following Figure 2 shows a simple grouping in sewage treatment
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13. Figure 7. Cluster Utilization Animal Waste
3.2 Technique Implementation
Implementation techniques done by dissemination to the public about the
concept Pandansimo start understanding 3R and 3R benefit the community
around. besides that given the stages of learning how to short-term and long-
term will benefit prisnip 3R the concept of zero waste.
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