Understanding Social Class Through Income, Occupation and Lifestyle
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This document discusses socioeconomic class and social stratification. It defines socioeconomic class as differences in people that are regarded as higher or lower, forming distinct patterns of thinking and lifestyle. Though societies can be stratified continuously, in reality there are typically a limited number of distinct occupational types that form the basis for social classes. The document then provides definitions and breakdowns of social classes in the United States and Europe based on factors like income, education, and occupation. It also includes data on typical income and spending patterns among U.S. social classes.
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Understanding Social Class Through Income, Occupation and Lifestyle
- 2. • A stratified society is one marked by inequality, by differences among people that are regarded as being higher or lower…it is logically possible for a society to be stratified in a continuous gradation between high and low without any sharp lines…in reality…there is only a limited number of types of occupations…People in similar positions…grow similar in their thinking and lifestyle…they form a pattern, and this pattern creates social class. Dennis Gilbert, The American Class Structure, 1998 SEC Why Social Class
- 3. • Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress, stagnate, or regress because of their local or regional economy, or the global economy. • Traditionally the two parameters used to categorize consumers based on the chief wage earner (Head) of the households: Occupation Education • Originally developed as a way of understanding market segments consumer behavior SEC What is SEC?
- 4. Socio-economists often focus on the social impact of economic change. • new technologies • market manipulation • international trade treaties • laws or regulations • natural hazards, etc. These changes might affect • patterns of consumption • the distribution of incomes and wealth • the way in which people behave (both in terms of purchase decisions and the way in which they choose to spend their time) • the overall quality of life. SEC What is SEC?
- 5. The Upper Class The Upper Middle Class The Middle Middle Class The lower Middle Class The Poverty Class SEC Income Classes in USA Pew Research Center – Brooking Institute – Census Bureau - Economic Policy Institute
- 6. SEC Social Classes in USA Sociologists Dennis Gilbert, William Thompson, Joseph Hickey, and James Henslin. The Upper Class the rich and powerful The Upper Middle Class highly educated and affluent professionals The Middle Middle Class college-educated individuals employed in White-collar industries The lower Middle Class semi-professionals with typically some college education The Working Class Clerical and blue collar workers whose work is highly routinized The Lower Class the working Poor and the unemployed underclass
- 7. SEC Social Classes in USA Year 2005 Lessthan9th grade Nohighschool diploma Highschool graduate Somecollege Associate degree Bachelor's degree Bachelor's degreeormore Graduatedegree Master'sdegree Professional degree Doctorate % in Group 6.1% 8.4% 31.7% 16.7% 8.73% 18.3% 27.9% 9.7% 6.8% 1.6% 1.3% Median personal income $17,422 $20,321 $26,505 $31,054 $35,009 $43,143 $49,303 $59,826 $52,390 $82,473 $70,853
- 8. The Upper Class $350,000 < EPY The Upper Middle Class $100.000 < EPY < $350.000 The Middle Middle Class $35.000 < EPY < $100.000 The lower Middle Class $18.000 < EPY < $47.000 The Poverty Class EPY < $18.000 SEC Income Classes in USA 14 24 41 20 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Poverty Lower Middle Middle Middle Upper Middle Upper
- 10. SEC Income spends in USA https://www.bls.gov 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 15K-20K Income 50k-90k Income Above 150k How The poor-Mid Class-Rich spend their Money Food at home Food outside Housing Utilities Clothes and Shoes Transportation Health care and Health insurance Entertainment Education Saving for Retirement
- 11. SEC Social Classes in Europe ESeC Class Common Term Employment regulation 1 Large employers, higher grade professional, administrative and managerial occupations Higher salariat Service Relationship 2 Lower grade professional, administrative and managerial occupations and higher grade technician and supervisory occupations Lower salariat Service Relationship (modified) 3 Intermediate occupations Higher grade white collar workers Mixed 4 Small employer and self employed occupations (exc agriculture etc) Petit bourgeoisie or independents -
- 12. SEC Social Classes in Europe 5 Self employed occupations (agriculture etc) Petit bourgeoisie or independents - 6 Lower supervisory and lower technician occupations Higher grade blue collar workers Mixed 7 Lower services, sales and clerical occupations Lower grade white collar workers Labour Contract (modified) 8 Lower technical occupations* Skilled workers Labour Contract (modified) 9 Routine occupations* Semi- and non-skilled workers Labour Contract 10 Never worked and long-term unemployed Unemployed -
- 13. • https://www.bls.gov (bureau of labor institute) • https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk (Institute for Social and economical Research) • http://www.businessinsider.com/how-americans-spend-most-of-their- money-2017-1 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States SEC Sources