It is physiology

1. • PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR

2. Acoustics(physical properties of
the sound stimulus)

3. • Sound is perception of pressure waves
generated by vibrating air molecules
• Human ear is sensitive to sounds over a wide
range of frequencies(20-20,000Hz)
• Human ear can detect the difference between
sounds occuring 10micro second apart in
time.

4. • Amplitude/loudness; strength /intensity(DB)
• Frequency/pitch/tone;Number of cycles per
second.(Hz)
• Impedance;Resistance offered by a medium to
a sound waves.

5. Sound transmission(The role of the
outer inner and middle ear)
• Sound waves are collected by pinna and focused
in to the external auditory canal to strike the
tympanic membrane.
• External ear- collect sound waves.
• -Amplifications of frequencies
• -providing cues about the vertical
• localization of sound source.(by
• the degree of sound source reflect
• -ion over the pinna.)

6. Tympanic membrane
• Pressure receiver-Sensitive to pressure change.
• Resonator-vibrate with pressure change.
• Critically dampens as sound ends.
• Attenuation reflex/tympanic/acoustic reflex
• is protective reflex reducing sound pressure on
tympanic membrane.(stimulated by loud sound)
• Middle ear; Resonator.
• impedance matching and transduction of
• sound waves.(in organ of corti)
• Inner ear; Hearing and balance.

7. Pathophysiology of auditory defects
• Conductive hearing loss
• Sensorineural hearing loss.