presentation on how computer were invented and generation of computers.

2.  GROUP # 06
 PRESENTED BY:
FAISAL AMAN - 36397
ALYSHA KHURRAM - 37451
 SUBMITTED TO :
MS. MARIA HANIF
 DATE : DECEMBER 5, 2022

3. Outline
 What is a computer?
 How computers were invented?
 Evolution of computer
 Conclusion

4. What Is A Computer?
 A computer is a digital electronic devices that is designed for performing
arithmetic namely addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
exponentiation.
 It has the ability to process, store and display the data.
 It is mainly designed for calculations: day-to-day
and scientific calculations.
Computer

5. How Computers Were Invented?
 Before the invention of computer, people used different calculating devices for
performing calculations.
 Some of them are discussed below.
Y
PASCALINE
ABACUS

6. Abacus
Upper Deck
(Each bead
valued 5)
Lower Deck
(Each bead
valued 1)

7. Abacus
 1st calculating device- used for subtraction, addition, division and multiplication.
 It was developed in China around 350BC.
 It is a wooden frame consisting of 11 wires, divided into two parts- upper and lower
deck separated by a divider.
UPPPER DECK LOWER DECK
• It contains 2 beads. • It contains 5 beads.
• It is valued 5. • It is valued 1.

8.  When a bead moves from right to left in a number such as 1234,the positional
values are respectively, 4 units, 3 tens, 2 hundreds, 1 thousand.
 Following is a picture depicting number 0123456789

9. Pascaline
PASCALINE

10. Pascaline
 Designed and built by French mathematician- Blaise Pascal in 1642-1644.
 1st calculating machine or adding machine to be produced in any quantity and
actually used.
 It performed only addition and subtraction with numbers being entered by
manipulating its dials.
 It is also capable of carrying 10s, 100s, and 1000s.
 WORKING: The value is added to the accumulator as it is being dialed. By moving a
display bar, the operator can see either the number stored in the calculator or
compliment of its value.

11. Evolution Of Computers
 There are 5 generations of the computer.
 Each generation lasted for a certain period of time, and each gave us either a new
and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer.

12. 1st Generation ( 1940-1956): Vacuum
Tubes
 1st generation computers used vacuum tubes.
 Automatic yet slow operating speed.
 Large in size.
 Have very small internal storage.
 Were very expensive.
 Required high power consumption.
 Potential to be programmed for task was limited.
 Examples: ENIAC: (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
EDVAC: (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
Vacuum tubes

13. 2nd Generation (1956-1963): Transistors
 Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
 Much cheaper and smaller than vacuum tubes.
 Includes printers, storage, and operating system.
 Had programming language: COBOL and FORTRAN.
 Example: IBM 1401
RCA 501
TRANSISTOR

14. 3rd Generation (1964-1971): Integrated
Circuits
 The computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of
transistors
 Jack Kirby was the man who created the IC.
 Smaller in size, more efficient and dependable.
 Multitasking
 Employed high level language.
 COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.
3RD GENERATION
COMPUTER

15. 4th Generation (1971-present):
Microprocessor
 Used microprocessor- Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
 Contain all the components of a CPU in a single chip.
 Focus on reducing size and improving efficiency.
 It therefore sparked the personal computer (PC) revolution.
 Example: IBM PC
Apple Macintosh
4TH
GENERATION
COMPUTER

16. 5th Generation (Present And Beyond):
Artificial Intelligence
 Known as supercomputers.
 More powerful than other generation computers.
 Exceptionally high speed.
 Large storage capacity.
 Perform very complex operations.
 Example: CRAY-1 series
5TH GENERATION
COMPUTERS

17. Operations Of Computer
Inputting Process of entering data and instructions in the computer
system.
Processing Performing arithmetic operations or logical on data to convert them
into useful information.
Outputting Process of producing useful information or result for the user such
as a printed report or visual display.
Storing Storing data and report to make them readily available for initial or
additional processing whenever required.
Controlling Directing the manner or sequence in which all of the above
operation are performed.

18. Conclusion
 Computer’s play an important role in our daily life.
 The computer network these days, have a strong impact o individuals and
private organizations and how they can interact with each other.
 Computers can be used in every field . And it will also progress more in
the future with its advancements.

19. Contribution
 Information: Faisal Iman
 Slides : Alysha Khurram
 Transitions And Animations: Both