Presented at the All Things Open Inclusion in Open Source event Presented by Dr. Rochelle Newton with Duke University School of Law 10/21/18 - 2:30 PM - Inclusion event track

1. Black and Brown in STEM
Dr. Rochelle Newton

2. A Diversity Talk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtUlRYXJ0vI

3. Discrimination

4. Race Today
 Total population (2017): 325,719,178
 Two or more races: 2.7%
 Native Indian: 1.2%
 Black: 13.4%
 Asian: 5.8%
 Hispanic without a wall: 18.1%
 White: 60.7%
 Source: U.S. Census Data

5. Age Today
 U.S Census Data
 Total population (2017): 325,719,178
 Persons 0-19 years old: 25.4%
 Persons 20-34 years old: 20.5%
 Persons 35-54 years old: 25.7%
 Persons 55-64 years old: 12.9%
 Persons 65 years old or older: 15.5%

6. The Browning and Graying of America
 For the first time ever, non-Hispanic whites now account for less than half of the births
in this country--and the increasing rates of intermarriage between ethnic and racial
groups. The Pew Research Center projects that by 2050 a majority of all Americans
could be people of color.
 Projections indicate an increase to rapid growth among Hispanics and Asians
combined with modest growth among African Americans (U.S. Census)
 Baby boomers (born between 1946 - 1964) began turning 65 in 2011. This trend
affectionately known as the silver tsunami will have a global affect on the workforce;
79 million will leave the workforce in the next 20 years
 The average 65 year old will live nearly 20 more years; About 8,000 Americans will
turn 65 every day over the next five years
 In 1950, there were more Americans under 25 than over 45. By 2050, the share of
seniors will nearly treble while the country's portion of twentysomethings will decline
 The browning and graying are happening in parallel

7. Population Projections
 Total population (2051): Over 400,000,000
 More than half of all Americans will be a minority
 The working-age population is projected to decrease from 62% to 57%
 One in five Americans is projected to be 65 and over
 The Two or More Races population is projected to be the fastest growing
over the next 46 years
 Foreign born
 Source: U.S Census Projection Data

8. A Plural Society
 No group will have a majority share of the total population
 Two or more races: 6.2% (projected to increase from 8 million in 2014 to 26 million in
2060)
 Native Indian: 1.3% (projected to increase from 4 million in 2014 to 6 million in 2060)
 Black: 14.3% (projected to increase from 42 million in 2014 to 59 million in 2060)
 Asian: 9.3% (projected to increase from 17 million in 2014 to 39 million in 2060)
 Hispanic without a wall: 29% (projected to increase from 55 million in 2014 to 119
million in 2060)
 White: 44% (projected to decrease from 198 million in 2014 to 182 million in 2060)
 Source: U.S Census Data

9. Age Projections
 The total population that is under the age of 18 is projected to decrease
from 23 percent to 20 percent by 2060
 From 2020 to 2030, people over 65 will increase from 56 million to 74
million (Baby boomers)
 In 2060, the total population aged 45 to 64 is projected to be just over
100 million, up from 83 million in 2014
 Persons under 18 years old: 31%
 Persons 65 years old or older: 112%
 Source: U.S Census Data

10. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math
(STEM)
 “The future of the economy is in STEM,” says James Brown, the executive director of the STEM Education
Coalition in Washington, D.C. “That’s where the jobs of tomorrow will be.
 The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports employment in STEM occupations are projected to grow to
more than 9 million between 2012 and 2022. That’s an increase of about 1 million jobs over 2012
employment levels.
 Overall, STEM wages were generally higher than the median for all occupations in May 2013. (BLS Data)
 Since 1990, STEM employment has grown 79% (9.7 million to 17.3 million) and computer jobs have seen
a 338% increase over the same period (Pew Center).
 Women are 50% of STEM workers (Healthcare) but underrepresented in all other areas of STEM (Pew
Center)
 Black and Hispanic workers are underrepresented in the STEM workforce. Blacks make up 11% of the U.S.
workforce overall but represent 9% of STEM workers, while Hispanics comprise 16% of the U.S. workforce
but only 7% of all STEM workers. And among employed adults with a bachelor’s degree or higher, blacks
are just 7% and Hispanics are 6% of the STEM workforce.
 Based on population numbers, Asians are overrepresented in STEM. 17% of college-educated STEM
workers are Asian, compared with 10% of all workers with a college degree.

11. Anecdotal Data
 According to the Economic Policy Institute, seven of eight occupations in America are racially
segregated—even controlling for education.
 Professions dominated by black men earn only 73 cents on the dollar as compared to professions where
white men are overrepresented.
 If you’ve ever found a job through a parent or a friend, chances are you’re probably white.
 One in five blacks are government employees, compared with just 14 percent of whites.
 Diversity is used as the antonym of heterosexual, able-bodied, middle-class-to-wealthy white male.
 Half of the women in STEM experience discrimination and sexual harassment
 More women hold post graduate degrees in STEM fields
 Blacks in STEM jobs report experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination (62%) than do others in STEM
positions (44% of Asians, 42% of Hispanics and just 13% of whites in STEM jobs say this).
 Women who majored in engineering are less likely than men to be working in engineering jobs.
 66% of STEM workers work for a private, for-profit employer
 Among all college-educated workers who majored in a health professions field, 81% are female

12. STEM Careers with the Most Need (BLS Data)

13. STEM Careers Projected to Grow Fastest (BLS DATA)

14. Average STEM Wages (BLS Data)

15. STEM Jobs of the Future (just to name a few)
 65 PERCENT OF TOMORROW’S WORKERS WILL HAVE JOBS THAT DON’T EXIST TODAY
 Software Engineer
 Augmented Reality & Virtual World Creator
 Automated & Robot System Repair
 Drone Technicians
 Space Exploration
 Future Farmers
 3D Printing Engineers
 Data Managers
 Senior Wellness Manager
 Streamcasters
 Science Ethicist/Technology Advocates
 Biotech Engineer
 Chronocurrency Brokers
 Digital Enforcers
 A.I. Trainer & Technician
 Climate Analyst & Weather Moderators

16. Definitions and Labels
 Hispanic: a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
 Minority: a group of people of a particular race or nationality living in a country or area where most people are from a different race or nationality
 Person of color: a person who is not white or of European parentage
 Race: A competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course; or A situation in which individuals or
groups compete to be first to achieve a particular objective.
 Biological definition of race: a geographically isolated breeding population that shares certain characteristics in higher frequencies than other
populations of that species, but has not become reproductively isolated from other populations of the same species.
 Population: a group of organisms that inhabit the same region and interbreed.
 Diversity: each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender,
sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies.
 Inclusion: involvement and empowerment, where the inherent worth and dignity of all people are recognized.
 Discrimination: treating a person or group different usually less than other persons or groups as a result of ethnicity or other circumstances or
characteristics.
 Homosocial reproduction: (used most in the workplace but applies to all areas of life). A preference for those who we have the most in common
including ethnicity, age, religion, and wealth.
 Racism: a term used to separate people by skin tones and features. Racism created the social hierarchy that exist today. Racism and prejudice are
separate terms and not related.
 Ethnicity: groups whose members identify with each other on the basis of common nationality or shared cultural traditions
 Non-Hispanic White: Hispanics who are not white.

17. STEM Pay by Race and Gender

18. STEM by Race

19. Addressing Diversity
 Training (frequent assessment of the work culture)
 Hiring (assess job descriptions; examine applicant pool; change the interview
process)
 Opportunity and Promotion (fairly)
 Policies (create policies that eliminate discrimination and promote equity)
 Discussions (give employees room to share experiences both current and past)
 Intentional (Assess the work environment; correct areas where diversity is lacking; and
engage with new and lesser experience employers)
 Education (provide information (update often) on what bias and discrimination is and
what can be done to correct these behaviors)
 Model behavior (be who you want your colleagues, employees, and organization to
be)
 Collaboration (work with others who have successfully managed diversity)

20. Actions to Address Diversity
 Small group discussions
 Asking questions
 Role play
 Engagement (social and professional inclusion)
 Hire diversity experts
 Address issues as soon as they arise
 Regular meetings
 Pay
 Mentorship programs
 Acceptance
 Create balance in the work and the culture

21. STEM Sources Used in the Presentation
 https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2014/spring/art01.pdf
 http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/09/7-facts-about-the-stem-workforce/
 https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2015/nsb201510.pdf
 https://www.payscale.com/career-news/2017/08/65-percent-tomorrows-workers-jobs-dont-exist-today
 https://www.idtech.com/blog/futuristic-stem-jobs-and-career-list-for-students
 https://www.claremont.org/crb/article/the-browning-of-america/
 https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/7/30/17505406/trump-obama-race-politics-immigration
 https://tcf.org/content/commentary/racial-segregation-is-still-a-problem/?session=1
 https://iwpr.org/publications/gender-wage-gap-occupation-2017-race-ethnicity/
 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/ethnic-minority
 https://theithacan.org/columns/the-term-people-of-color-includes-asian-americans/
 http://www.biologyreference.com/Ar-Bi/Biology-of-Race.html
 https://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~asuomca/diversityinit/definition.html
 https://ferris.edu/HTMLS/administration/president/DiversityOffice/Definitions.htm