for nursing

1. ALIYA RAHMAN

2. DEFINITION
 Abnormal proliferation and growth of thyroid cells.
 Most common endocrine malignancy
 Prognosis good in differentiated forms

3. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
 Exact – unknown
 Risk factors –
1. Genetic predisposition
2. Family history of thyroid cancer
3. History of radiation therapy 10-20 yrs following
cancer treatment elsewhere in body.

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
DYSFUNCTION IN CELL DIFFERNTIATION AND
PROLIFERATION
PROLIFERATION OF CANCER CELLS
REGIONAL AND DISTANT METASTASIS

5. DIAGNOSIS
 History collection and physical examination
 FNAC and biopsy

6. MANAGEMENT
 Medical management – chemotherapy, I131 external
radiation
 Surgical management – complete thyroidectomy &
neck resection

7. CLASSIFICATION OF THYROID
CANCER
 PAPILLARY- commonest form, more in women than men,
well differentiated slow growing and localized, pathology
report shows presence of papillae among its cells , have
good prognosis
 FOLLICULAR – 2nd most commonest type, more in women
than in men, good prognosis. Metastasis occur to lung and
bone via blood stream. Follicular cells present in pathology
examination
 MEDULLARY -3rd most commonest type. Orign from
parafollicular cells prognosis good in early stages
 ANAPLASTIC- most aggressive form accounts for less than
2%. Poor prognosis.

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Appearance of a hard ,irregular, painless nodule
 Cold nodule
 lymphadenopathy