This brief describes the concept of COVID-19 Perceptions and its measure as exhibited in our recent research (see: Mahmoud, Ball, Rubin, Fuxman, Mohr, Hack-Polay, Grigoriou, & Wakibi, 2021a; Mahmoud, Grigoriou, Fuxman, Reisel, Hack-Polay, & Mohr, 2020; Mahmoud et al., 2021b; Mahmoud, Hack-Polay, Reisel, Fuxman, Grigoriou, Mohr, & Aizouk, 2021c; Mahmoud, Reisel, Fuxman, & Hack-Polay, 2022; Mahmoud, Reisel, Hack-Polay, & Fuxman, 2021d).

1. Method
* Corresponding author can be contacted (on behalf of the contributors of all of the cited work) at:
elguitarrista@live.com; mahmouda@stjohns.edu
COVID-19 Perceptions Scale
Ali B. Mahmoud*
Overview
A good number of our recent publications investigated the role of COVID-19 Perceptions in shaping a
variety of attitudinal and behavioural variables in different contexts and settings. COVID-19
perceptions can be defined as “the perceived probability of discomfort and/or worry, during COVID-
19 pandemic, concerning the pandemic adverse health, economic and social ramifications
articulated as disruptions to the people’s pre-pandemic everyday life – lead to redefining of the
everyday life to the “new normal” (Mahmoud, Hack-Polay, Fuxman, & Nicoletti, 2021b, p. 587).
The conceptualization of COVID-19 perceptions is based on earlier work (Mahmoud,
Grigoriou, Fuxman, & Reisel, 2020; Mahmoud & Reisel, 2015) that articulates the personal
experience of wartime crisis. Thus, we developed a uni-dimensional multi-item scale that measures
COVID-19 perceptions. COVID-19 perceptions is a three-item scale that can be assessed on a 5-point
Likert scale (see: Mahmoud, Ball, Rubin, Fuxman, Mohr, Hack-Polay, Grigoriou, & Wakibi, 2021a;
Mahmoud, Grigoriou, Fuxman, Reisel, Hack-Polay, & Mohr, 2020; Mahmoud et al., 2021b;
Mahmoud, Hack-Polay, Reisel, Fuxman, Grigoriou, Mohr, & Aizouk, 2021c; Mahmoud, Reisel,
Fuxman, & Hack-Polay, 2021d; Mahmoud, Reisel, Hack-Polay, & Fuxman, 2021e).
Table 1: Measure of COVID-19 Perceptions
COVID-19
Perceptions
COV01
I believe that the effect the coronavirus pandemic has
had on people is
5-point Likert scale. 1 =
positive, 5 = negative
COV02
The coronavirus pandemic is making me feel
discomfort
5-point Likert scale. 1 =
"strongly disagree," 5 =
"strongly agree"
COV03
I feel worried about what could happen if any of my
family or friends caught the virus
Mahmoud, A. B., Reisel, W. D., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Grigoriou, N., Hack-Polay, D., Ball, J., Rubin, D., Nicoletti, M.,
Wakibi, A., & Aizouk, R. (2021). COVID-19 Perceptions Scale [‫מודל‬ | ‫اﻟوﺑﺎء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺎﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫إدراك‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯾﺎس‬ | ‫درك‬ُ‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻛوﻓﯾد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯾﺎس‬
‫של‬ ‫כוללת‬ ‫תפיסה‬ ‫מדידת‬ COVID-19 | COVID-19 algemeen perceptiemeetmodel |Modello di misurazione della
percezione complessiva COVID-19 |Modelo de medición de la | percepción general de COVID-19 |Modèle de
mesure de la perception globale COVID-19 | Модель измерения общего восприятия COVID-19 | COVID-19
genel algı ölçüm modeli | COVID-19-Gesamtwahrnehmungsmessmodell | Mô hình đo lường nhận thức tổng thể
COVID-19 | COVID-19 整体感知测量模型 | Model mesur canfyddiad cyffredinol COVID-19 | COVID-19:n
yleinen havaintomittausmalli | Μοντέλο μέτρησης συνολικής αντίληψης COVID-19 | COVID-19
heildarskynjunarmælingarlíkan | Modello di misurazione della | percezione complessiva | COVID-19Modelo de
medição de percepção geral COVID-19 | COVID-19-ի ընդհանուր ընկալման չափման մոդել | COVID-19全体
的な知覚測定モデル | 코로나19 전반적인 인식 측정 모델 | COVID-19| Модель вимірювання загального
сприйняття COVID-19 | Covid-19 övergripande uppfattningsmätningsmodell | Covid-19 övergripande
uppfattningsmätningsmodell] [Methods]. ResearchGate.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22073.29281/1
Multi-lingual citation--APA 7th ed

2. References
Mahmoud, A. B., Ball, J., Rubin, D., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Hack-Polay, D., Grigoriou, N., & Wakibi, A.
(2021a). Pandemic pains to Instagram gains! COVID-19 perceptions effects on behaviours
towards fashion brands on Instagram in Sub-Saharan Africa: Tech-native vs non-native
generations. Journal of Marketing Communications, 1-25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2021.1971282
Mahmoud, A. B., Grigoriou, N., Fuxman, L., & Reisel, W. D. (2020). Political Advertising Effectiveness
in Wartime Syria. Media, War and Conflict, 13(4), 375–398.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635219841356
Mahmoud, A. B., Grigoriou, N., Fuxman, L., Reisel, W. D., Hack-Polay, D., & Mohr, I. (2020). A
generational study of employees’ customer orientation: a motivational viewpoint in
pandemic time. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2020.1844785
Mahmoud, A. B., Hack-Polay, D., Fuxman, L., & Nicoletti, M. (2021b). The Janus-faced effects of
COVID-19 perceptions on family healthy eating behavior: Parent's negative experience as a
mediator and gender as a moderator. Scand J Psychol, 62(4), 586-595.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12742
Mahmoud, A. B., Hack-Polay, D., Reisel, W. D., Fuxman, L., Grigoriou, N., Mohr, I., & Aizouk, R.
(2021c). Who’s more vulnerable? A Generational Investigation of COVID-19 Perceptions’
effect on Organisational Citizenship Behaviours in the MENA Region: Job Insecurity, Burnout
and Job Satisfaction as Mediators. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-
11976-2
Mahmoud, A. B., & Reisel, W. D. (2015). Exploring Personal Experience of Wartime Crisis Effects on
Job Insecurity in Syria. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 13(2), 245–256.
Mahmoud, A. B., Reisel, W. D., Fuxman, L., & Hack-Polay, D. (2021d). Locus of control as a moderator
of the effects of COVID-19 perceptions on job insecurity, psychosocial, organisational
and job outcomes for MENA region hospitality employees. European Management
Review. 1- 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12494
Mahmoud, A. B., Reisel, W. D., Hack-Polay, D., & Fuxman, L. (2021e). No one is safe! But who’s more
susceptible? Locus of control moderates pandemic perceptions’ effects on job insecurity and
psychosocial factors amongst MENA hospitality frontliners: a PLS-SEM approach. BMC Public
Health, 21(1), 2032. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12071-2