Submit Search
Upload
18_LectureOutline.pptx
•
Download as PPTX, PDF
•
0 likes
•
1 view
A
AlfiyaPathan5
Follow
physics principle with application
Read less
Read more
Education
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 43
Download now
Recommended
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Electric current, emf and electric circuit
Electric current, emf and electric circuit
jroe_rjoe
ch_21_PPT_lecture.pptx
ch_21_PPT_lecture.pptx
delviewdelview
Electricity-fundamentals and concepts for engineers
Electricity-fundamentals and concepts for engineers
GayatriNair28
23 lecture outline
23 lecture outline
Asma Said,PhD
X physics full notes chapter1
X physics full notes chapter1
neeraj_enrique
Recommended
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
Ppa6 lecture ch_18
josoborned
Electric current, emf and electric circuit
Electric current, emf and electric circuit
jroe_rjoe
ch_21_PPT_lecture.pptx
ch_21_PPT_lecture.pptx
delviewdelview
Electricity-fundamentals and concepts for engineers
Electricity-fundamentals and concepts for engineers
GayatriNair28
23 lecture outline
23 lecture outline
Asma Said,PhD
X physics full notes chapter1
X physics full notes chapter1
neeraj_enrique
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Alex Klein
Electric Circuits
Electric Circuits
Timothy Welsh
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Alex Klein
Electric current and_ohms_law1
Electric current and_ohms_law1
VASUDEV SHRIVASTAVA
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Fakhr2
Electric current and dc circuits.
Electric current and dc circuits.
MlokotiSikhulule
18 beps02 electrical technology
18 beps02 electrical technology
mahalakshmimalini
Electricity2.pptx
Electricity2.pptx
DevikaMani3
Current, resistance and electromotive force
Current, resistance and electromotive force
Christian Costa
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
ValDarylAnhao2
Unit 1
Unit 1
KanmaniRajamanickam
Basic Elec 1.pptx
Basic Elec 1.pptx
AlexcelCorporal
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Kamran Abdullah
EMAG FINALS HW.
EMAG FINALS HW.
Fatima Bianca Gueco
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
Fatima Bianca Gueco
L6.ppt
L6.ppt
DrMuhammadTahir4
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
harshid panchal
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
opsonise
13 pius augustine electric current
13 pius augustine electric current
PiusAugustine
Aisuphysics
Aisuphysics
Aisu
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
InMediaRes1
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Krashi Coaching
More Related Content
Similar to 18_LectureOutline.pptx
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Alex Klein
Electric Circuits
Electric Circuits
Timothy Welsh
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Alex Klein
Electric current and_ohms_law1
Electric current and_ohms_law1
VASUDEV SHRIVASTAVA
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Fakhr2
Electric current and dc circuits.
Electric current and dc circuits.
MlokotiSikhulule
18 beps02 electrical technology
18 beps02 electrical technology
mahalakshmimalini
Electricity2.pptx
Electricity2.pptx
DevikaMani3
Current, resistance and electromotive force
Current, resistance and electromotive force
Christian Costa
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
ValDarylAnhao2
Unit 1
Unit 1
KanmaniRajamanickam
Basic Elec 1.pptx
Basic Elec 1.pptx
AlexcelCorporal
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Kamran Abdullah
EMAG FINALS HW.
EMAG FINALS HW.
Fatima Bianca Gueco
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
Fatima Bianca Gueco
L6.ppt
L6.ppt
DrMuhammadTahir4
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
harshid panchal
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
opsonise
13 pius augustine electric current
13 pius augustine electric current
PiusAugustine
Aisuphysics
Aisuphysics
Aisu
Similar to 18_LectureOutline.pptx
(20)
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Lecture23 ohmslaw
Electric Circuits
Electric Circuits
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Lecuture23 currentohmslaw
Electric current and_ohms_law1
Electric current and_ohms_law1
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Phy & Elec 04-08.pdf
Electric current and dc circuits.
Electric current and dc circuits.
18 beps02 electrical technology
18 beps02 electrical technology
Electricity2.pptx
Electricity2.pptx
Current, resistance and electromotive force
Current, resistance and electromotive force
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
BASIC ELECTRICITY.pptx
Unit 1
Unit 1
Basic Elec 1.pptx
Basic Elec 1.pptx
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
EMAG FINALS HW.
EMAG FINALS HW.
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
COMPLETE FINAL EMAG PPT.
L6.ppt
L6.ppt
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
ppt on Introduction to basic electrical concept by harshid panchal
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
P2.3 p2.4 lesson 4 resistance & ohm's law
13 pius augustine electric current
13 pius augustine electric current
Aisuphysics
Aisuphysics
Recently uploaded
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
InMediaRes1
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Krashi Coaching
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
UnboundStockton
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
SafetyChain Software
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
Sayali Powar
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
Chameera Dedduwage
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
VS Mahajan Coaching Centre
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
David Douglas School District
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
pboyjonauth
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
Steve Thomason
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Mahmoud M. Sallam
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
JhengPantaleon
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
iammrhaywood
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
pboyjonauth
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
eniolaolutunde
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
ssuser54595a
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
GeoBlogs
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
SoniaTolstoy
Recently uploaded
(20)
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
Pharmacognosy Flower 3. Compositae 2023.pdf
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
18_LectureOutline.pptx
1.
© 2014 Pearson
Education, Inc. This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 18 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th edition Giancoli
2.
Chapter 18 Electric Currents ©
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
3.
Contents of Chapter
18 • The Electric Battery • Electric Current • Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors • Resistivity • Electric Power © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
4.
Contents of Chapter
18 • Power in Household Circuits • Alternating Current • Microscopic View of Electric Current • Superconductivity • Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
5.
18-1 The Electric
Battery Volta discovered that electricity could be created if dissimilar metals were connected by a conductive solution called an electrolyte. This is a simple electric cell. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
6.
18-1 The Electric
Battery A battery transforms chemical energy into electrical energy. Chemical reactions within the cell create a potential difference between the terminals by slowly dissolving them. This potential difference can be maintained even if a current is kept flowing, until one or the other terminal is completely dissolved. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
7.
18-1 The Electric
Battery Several cells connected together make a battery, although now we refer to a single cell as a battery as well. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
8.
18-2 Electric Current Electric
current is the rate of flow of charge through a conductor: Unit of electric current: the ampere, A. 1 A = 1 C/s © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-1)
9.
18-2 Electric Current A
complete circuit is one where current can flow all the way around. Note that the schematic drawing doesn’t look much like the physical circuit! © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
10.
18-2 Electric Current In
order for current to flow, there must be a path from one battery terminal, through the circuit, and back to the other battery terminal. Only one of these circuits will work: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
11.
18-2 Electric Current By
convention, current is defined as flowing from + to –. Electrons actually flow in the opposite direction, but not all currents consist of electrons. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
12.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors Experimentally, it is found that the current in a wire is proportional to the potential difference between its ends: I V © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
13.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors The ratio of voltage to current is called the resistance: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-2)
14.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors In many conductors, the resistance is independent of the voltage; this relationship is called Ohm’s law. Materials that do not follow Ohm’s law are called nonohmic. Unit of resistance: the ohm, Ω. 1 Ω = 1 V/A © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors Standard resistors are manufactured for use in electric circuits; they are color-coded to indicate their value and precision. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
16.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
17.
18-3 Ohm’s Law:
Resistance and Resistors Some clarifications: • Batteries maintain a (nearly) constant potential difference; the current varies. • Resistance is a property of a material or device. • Current is not a vector but it does have a direction. • Current and charge do not get used up. Whatever charge goes in one end of a circuit comes out the other end. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
18.
18-4 Resistivity The resistance
of a wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area: The constant ρ, the resistivity, is characteristic of the material. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-3)
19.
18-4 Resistivity © 2014
Pearson Education, Inc.
20.
18-4 Resistivity For any
given material, the resistivity increases with temperature: Semiconductors are complex materials, and may have resistivities that decrease with temperature. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-4)
21.
18-5 Electric Power Power,
as in kinematics, is the energy transformed by a device per unit time: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-5)
22.
18-5 Electric Power The
unit of power is the watt, W. For ohmic devices, we can make the substitutions: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-6a) (18-6b)
23.
18-5 Electric Power What
you pay for on your electric bill is not power, but energy—the power consumption multiplied by the time. We have been measuring energy in joules, but the electric company measures it in kilowatt-hours, kWh. One kWh = (1000 W)(3600 s) = 3.60 x 106 J © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
24.
18-6 Power in
Household Circuits The wires used in homes to carry electricity have very low resistance. However, if the current is high enough, the power will increase and the wires can become hot enough to start a fire. To avoid this, we use fuses or circuit breakers, which disconnect when the current goes above a predetermined value. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.
18-6 Power in
Household Circuits Fuses are one-use items—if they blow, the fuse is destroyed and must be replaced. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.
18-6 Power in
Household Circuits Circuit breakers, which are now much more common in homes than they once were, are switches that will open if the current is too high; they can then be reset. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
27.
18-7 Alternating Current Current
from a battery flows steadily in one direction (direct current, DC). Current from a power plant varies sinusoidally (alternating current, AC). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
28.
18-7 Alternating Current The
voltage varies sinusoidally with time: as does the current: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-7a) (18-7b)
29.
18-7 Alternating Current Multiplying
the current and the voltage gives the power: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
30.
18-7 Alternating Current Usually
we are interested in the average power: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
31.
18-7 Alternating Current The
current and voltage both have average values of zero, so we square them, take the average, then take the square root, yielding the root mean square (rms) value. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-8a) (18-8b)
32.
18-8 Microscopic View
of Electric Current Electrons in a conductor have large, random speeds just due to their temperature. When a potential difference is applied, the electrons also acquire an average drift velocity, which is generally considerably smaller than the thermal velocity. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
33.
18-8 Microscopic View
of Electric Current This drift speed is related to the current in the wire, and also to the number of electrons per unit volume. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. (18-10)
34.
18-9 Superconductivity In general,
resistivity decreases as temperature decreases. Some materials, however, have resistivity that falls abruptly to zero at a very low temperature, called the critical temperature, TC. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
35.
18-9 Superconductivity Experiments have
shown that currents, once started, can flow through these materials for years without decreasing even without a potential difference. Critical temperatures are low; for many years no material was found to be superconducting above 23 K. More recently, novel materials have been found to be superconducting below 90 K, critical temperatures as high as 160K have been reported. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
36.
18-10 Electrical Conduction
in the Human Nervous System The human nervous system depends on the flow of electric charge. The basic elements of the nervous system are cells called neurons. Neurons have a main cell body, small attachments called dendrites, and a long tail called the axon. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
37.
18-10 Electrical Conduction
in the Human Nervous System Signals are received by the dendrites, propagated along the axon, and transmitted through a connection called a synapse. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
38.
18-10 Electrical Conduction
in the Human Nervous System This process depends on there being a dipole layer of charge on the cell membrane, and different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
39.
18-10 Electrical Conduction
in the Human Nervous System This applies to most cells in the body. Neurons can respond to a stimulus and conduct an electrical signal. This signal is in the form of an action potential. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
40.
18-10 Electrical Conduction
in the Human Nervous System The action potential propagates along the axon membrane. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
41.
Summary of Chapter
18 • A battery is a source of constant potential difference. • Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge. • Conventional current is in the direction that positive charge would flow. • Resistance is the ratio of voltage to current: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
42.
Summary of Chapter
18 • Ohmic materials have constant resistance, independent of voltage. • Resistance is determined by shape and material: • ρ is the resistivity. • Power in an electric circuit: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
43.
Summary of Chapter
18 • Direct current is constant • Alternating current varies sinusoidally • The average (rms) current and voltage: • The average (rms) current and voltage: © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Download now