This document provides an overview of circulation and the circulatory system. It describes the composition of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It explains the functions of blood such as transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and protection via clotting and immune cells. Key components of the circulatory system are also summarized like the heart, blood vessels, valves, and double circulation.
8. Properties of blood
Never stationary
Colour – bright red when oxygenated ,dark red deoxygenated
Volume-5 to 6 litres by volume in human body
Taste –saltish –alkaline Ph 7.3 to 7.45
10. Transport by blood
Transport of digested food
Alimentary canal tissues[ simple sugars –glucose amino acids vitamins minerals salts etc]
Transport of oxygen
Lungs tissues [RBCs + haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglobin]
11. Transport by blood
Transport of carbon dioxide
Tissues lungs [combination of haemoglobin and blood plasma]
12. Transport by blood
Transport of excretory material –
tissues liver , kidney or skin or to render them harmless
Distribution of hormones
Endocrine blood
Distribution of heat
Blood helps in keeping the temp uniform by distributing heat.
13. Protection by blood
Clotting of blood
WBC –engulfing bacteria
Anti-toxins and antibodies
19. Life and death
Production of RBC
Embryo-liver and spleen
Children (age 5)-bone marrow of all bones
Adults-marrow of long bones (ribs,breast bone,ilium of hip girdle)
Mature RBCs have no nuclei
Average life span 120 days
Destroyed in spleen liver and bone marrow ,iron part retained in liver rest excreted
as bile pigment
24. Function of leukocytes
Phagocytosis (neutrophils )
Inflammation (monocytes and neutrophils )
Pus-dead wbcs with tissue cells destroyed by bacteria
Formation of antibodies (lymphocytes)
25. Origin and life of WBCs
Produced-bone marrow, lymph nodes liver spleen
Average life span-2 weeks
Worn out WBCs destroyed the same as RBCs
Leukemia-cancer
Leukopenia-abnormal decrease in WBCs