mixed conditional

1. CONDITIONAL and MIXED CONDITIONALS

2. • A conditional
sentence typically
consists of an if-
clause (which
presents a condition)
and a result clause.
• Example:
– If it rains, the streets
get wet.
UNDERSTANDING

3. Find the if clause and the main clause
1. If the weather had been good yesterday, our picnic
would not have been canceled.
2. If I had an envelope and a stamp, I would mail this
letter right now.
3. Ann would have made it to class on time this
morning if the bus hadn’t been late.
4. If the hotel had been built to wishstand and
earthquake, it would not have collapsed.
5. If I didn’t have any friends, I would be lonely.

4. If Cluase Main Clause
Zero Conditional Simple Present (V1) Present simple (V1)
First Conditional Simple Present (V1) Will+infinitive(V1)
Second Conditional Simple past (V2) Would+simple form
Third Conditional Past perfect
(had+v3)
Would have+past participle(V3)
BASIC FORMS

5. • Situation: True in the present/future.
• A condition, and its consequence, that are always true.
• Example
If I have enough time, I watch TV every evening.
Zero
Conditional
If Clause Main Clause
Simple Present (V1) Present simple (V1)

6. • Situation: True in the present/future.
• A possible present situation and its possible consequence.
• Example
If I have enough time, I will watch TV later on tonight.
First
Conditional
If Clause Main Clause
Simple Present (V1) Will+infinitive(V1)

7. • Situation: Untrue in the present/future.
• An imagined situation in the present, and its consequence, that
are very unlikely to happen.
• Example
If I had enough time, I would watch TV now or later on.
Second
Conditional
If Clause Main Clause
Simple past (V2) Would+simple form

8. • Situation: Untrue in the past.
• An imagined situation in the past, and its consequence, which
cannot be changed.
• Example
If I had had enough time, I would have watched TV
yesterday.
Third
Conditional
If Clause Main Clause
Past perfect
(had+v3)
Would have+past
participle(V3)

9. Frequently the time in the if-clause and the
time in the result clause are different: one
clause may be in the present and the other in
the past.
Mixed Conditional

10. There are two rules in mixed conditional.
1st rule:
• Talk about the past consequence of situation that is still true
at the time of the speaking. In other words, it describes how
an action in the past effects the present.
• Pattern:
– If clause: simple past (2nd conditional).
– Main clause: would/wouldn’t +have+V3(3rd conditional)
Mixed Conditional

11. Example:
1st Rule
1. (a)True: He is not a good student. He did not study, for
the test yesterday.
(b) Conditional: If he were a good student, he would
have studied for the test yesterday.
2. (a)True: I really don’t understand maths. I faild the test.
(b)Conditional: If I really understood maths. I wouldn’t
have failed the test.
Mixed Conditional

12. 2nd Rule:
• Talk about the present consequence of a past action. In the
other words, it describes how a general truth affects a past
action.
• Pattern:
– If clause: past perfect-would/wouldn’t +have+V3(3rd
conditional)
– Main clause:Would+simple form(V1)–(2nd conditional).
Mixed Conditional

13. Example:
2nd Rule
1. (a)True: I did not eat breakfast several
hours ago, so I am hungry now.
(b) Conditional: If I had eaten breakfast several
hours ago, I would not be hungry now.
2. (a)True: I spent all my money on CDs. I haven’t got any
money today.
(b)Conditional: If I hadn’t spent all my money on CDs, I
would have some money.
Mixed Conditional