The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: zero, first, second, and third. The zero conditional uses the present simple tense and describes general truths and facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and future simple tenses to talk about possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and conditional tense to describe unlikely or hypothetical situations. The third conditional uses the past perfect and conditional perfect tenses to talk about unreal past situations and their results. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the structures and uses of each conditional type.

1. conditionals
Lasyuli Simbolon, S.Pd., M. Hum

2. conditional types
zero third
second
first

3. cond.
zero
A high probability

4. main rules
This conditional is used when the result will always
happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always
boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one
particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is
always the main clause.
The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by
'when' without changing the meaning.

5. ■ General truths
■ Habits
■ Real world
■ Scientific facts, etc
use:

6. structure
If clause + Main clause
If + present simple ... Present simple

7. examples:
1. If it rains, the ground gets wet.
2. If I cry, I cough.
3. If you mix yellow and blue, you
get green.

8. now your
turn!
e.g: When I see his smile, my
mood gets better

9. cond.
first
A probability

10. main rules
It's used to talk about things which might happen in
the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen
in the future, but this describes possible things, which
could easily come true.
Used to talk about a possible condition and its probable
result in the future.

11. ■ Possible plans
■ Promises
■ Warnings
■ Threats
■ Persuading someone
use:

12. structure
If clause + Main clause
If + present simple ... Future simple

13. examples:
1. If I move to a new apartment,
I’ll invite you to the
housewarming party.
2. I will help you, if I have time
tomorrow.

14. e.g: I will pass the exam with a
high score, if I prepare for them
during the summer holidays.
It’s your turn!

15. cond.
second
A low probability

16. main rules
First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that
are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining
some dream for example.
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the
present which is impossible, because it's not true.

17. ■ Unlikely situations
■ Hypothetical conditions
use:

18. structure
If clause + Main clause
If + past simple ... would + infinitive

19. examples:
1. If I won the lottery, I would buy
a big house.
2. If I had his number, I would call
him.

20. e.g: My stomach would
explode, if I ate all of the KFC
combo lunches.
now it’s your
turn!

21. cond.
third
No probability

22. main rules
It's used to describe a situation that didn't
happen, and to imagine the result of this
situation.

23. ■ Past action that didn’t happen and
its probable result in the past.
use:

24. structure
If clause + Main clause
If + past perfect ...
would + have + past
participle

25. examples:
1. Maam Yuli would have become
a dentist if she had gone to
Brawijaya university 20 years
ago.
2. If we had taken a taxi, we
wouldn't have missed the plane

26. your turn!
e.g: He would have passed that
test, if he had gone to bed
earlier.

27. How to distinguish them
describes a particular
situation
first
describes what happens
in general
zero

28. How to distinguish them
describes things that I
think are likely to
happen in the future
second
talks about things that I
don't think will really
happen
first
they depend
on my point
of view!

29. Zero Conditional Exercise
First Conditional Exercise
Second Conditional Exercise
Third Conditional Exercise

31. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
Please keep this slide for attribution
thanks!