4. What is so unique about Earth?
ECCENTRICITY
TILTING AND ROTATION
PRECESSION
5. What does this mean?
• THIS SIMPLY MEANS THAT EARTH’S
CLIMATE NATURALLY VARIES
• Variations in climate conditions in terms of
temporal scales (months, seasons, year,
decades, centuries, millenia)
16. What is the Difference
Global Warming Climate Change
is the increase of Earth’s
average surface temperature
due to a build-up
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
is a broader term that refers
to long-term changes in
climate, including average
temperature and
precipitation.
17. Understanding the difference
Payong
PAGASA
PAGASA
The Weather and Climate
Authority
Weather /climate forecast
• The state of the
atmosphere (or the weather
situation) at a particular
location over a short period
of time
• Highly dependent on the
initial state of the
atmosphere and the upper
ocean
Climate projection
• A likelihood of something
to happen in climate
several decades or
centuries in the future
• Conditional climate
expectations based on
scenarios (e.g., increase in
green house gases)
18.
19. WITHOUT GREENHOUSE EFFECT, WILL
EARTH STILL BE THE SAME?
NO!
GLOBAL ENERGY BALANCE = WHAT GOES IN MUST COME OUT
WITHOUT GREENHOUSE
EFFECT, THE EFFECTIVE
TEMPERATURE OF THE
EARTH IS APPROXIMATELY
255 Kelvin or -18°C
20. Example of Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy passes
through the car’s
windshield.
This energy (heat) is
trapped inside the
car and cannot pass
back through the
windshield, causing
the inside of the car
to warm up.
27. PAGASA
The Weather and Climate Authority
Payong
PAGASA
TEMPERATURE TRENDS
Anomaly
5-year running mean
Linear (5 year running
mean)
2013, warmest
year
MEAN
An increase of 0.85°C from 1951-2015 (65 years)
2015 ranked 4th
hottest year next to
2013 (1st), 1998 (2nd)
& 2012 (3rd)
Anomaly
5-year running mean
Linear (5 year
running mean)
MINIMUM
An increase of 1.05°C from 1951-2015 (65 years) An increase of 0.66°C from 1951-2015 (65 years)
MAXIMUM
Anomaly
5-year running mean
Linear (5 year
running mean)
37. • Increased extreme rainfall
• Risks to flooding
• Risks of landslide
• Risks to urban drainage
• Transport disruption
What are the potential impacts?
38.
39. Some of the Impacts of strong tropical cyclone
40. PAGASA
The Weather and Climate Authority
Payong
PAGASA
RANK PROVINCE REGION LAND AREA (m2)
1 Sulu ARMM 79,728,300
2 Palawan Region 4B 64,281,600
3 Zamboanga del
Sur
Region 9 37,818,900
4 Northern Samar Region 8 33,882,300
5 Zamboanga
Sibugay
Region 9 32,740,200
6 Basilan ARMM 30,294,000
7 Cebu Region 7 27,888,300
8 Davao Region 11 27,005,400
9 Bohol Region 7 23,895,000
10 Camarines Sur Region 5 22,680,000
TOP 20 Provinces which are Vulnerable to 1 m Sea Level Rise (SLR)
SOURCE: Greenpeace Southeast Asia published at BizNewsAsia Vol.7, No.21
RANK PROVINCE REGION
LAND AREA
(m2)
11 Quezon Region 4 21,124,800
12 Tawi tawi ARMM 17,390,720
13 Masbate Region 5 14,256,000
14 Negros
Occidental
Region 6 13,996,800
15 Camarines Norte Region 5 13,591,800
16 Capiz Region 6 10,748,700
17 Catanduanes Region 5 10,643,400
18 Samar Region 8 10,635,300
19 Zamboanga del
Norte
Region 9 10,570,500
20 Maguindanao ARMM 9,169,200
44. 45
Adaptation
Practical steps to protect countries
and communities from the likely
disruption and damage that will
result from effects of climate change
Mitigation
An anthropogenic intervention to
reduce the sources or enhance
the sinks of greenhouse gases.
47. • Conserve the use of
electricity and water
• Put out lights that are not
in use or close the
television when nobody is
watching
According to studies abroad, 75% of electricity consumed at home
is stand by power to keep electronics running while they are off.
Activities we can do to help:
48. • Drive Less and Drive Smart
Less driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving
gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of exercise.
Activities we can do to help:
49. Plant a Tree
A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its
lifetime. During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide
and give off oxygen.
Activities we can do to help:
50. we already have an
efficient rail transit
and you may try it
Activities we can do to help:
51. • If you are in
a business
that uses
fuel, switch
to renewable
energy
source
• Strive to
have a more
efficient
production
process
• Use efficient
lighting and
efficient use
of electrical
equipment.
Activities we can do to help:
52. Capacity: 24.75 MW
(15 WTG @ 1.65 MW)
Height of hub : 70 m
Cost = US$ 47.6 M
Northwind Wind Power Project in Bangui Bay Ilocos Norte
53. Northwind Wind Power Project in Bangui Bay Ilocos Norte
Philippines is now
the leading wind
energy producer in
Southeast Asia
55. •Invest in projects
that can generate
carbon credits and
generate more
revenues
Activities we can do to help:
56. • Replace regular light bulbs
with compact fluorescent light
(CFL) bulbs.
• Replacing just one 60-watt
incandescent light bulb with a
CFL will save you $30 over the
life of the bulb.
• CFLs also last 10 times longer
than incandescent bulbs, and
use two-thirds less energy.
Change a Light Bulb
57. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Recyclable products are usually
made out of things that already
have been used. It usually takes
less energy to make recycled
products than to make new ones.
The less energy we use, the better.
• By recycling half of your
household waste, you can save
2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide
annually.
58. ADAPTATION - Several sectoral adaptations
WATER RESOURCE
Design standards and
regulations
Infrastructure
AGRICULTURE
Improve water use
efficiency
New crop varieties
Examples:
59. COMMUNITY
Construction of Typhoon proof
House/Building
Examples:
ZONING
Land Use and Hazard Low Risk
Mapping
ADAPTATION - Several sectoral adaptations
61. 1. Utilization of drought and
submergence tolerant rice varieties
2. Use of improved crop varieties that are
resistant to pest and diseases
Other Adaptation Strategies
62. 3. Information Dissemination – Promotion
on the use of Organic Fertilizer,
Bio-Fertilizers, and Bio-Pesticides
4. Organic-based Agriculture
Agri-kalikasan (Modified Rapid
Composting)
Other Adaptation Strategies
64. 6. LOCALIZED IRRIGATION (DRIP
IRRIGATION – water is applied by wetting
only a part of the soil in the field through
emitter.
Highly efficient as water is conveyed
through a pipe system;
Water is applied directly to each plant
such that only the soil near each plant is
wetted;
Suitable in steep and undulating slopes,
and sandy soils
DRIP IRRIGATION
Other Adaptation Strategies
65. 7. NIA has embarked a program to repair and rehabilitate
more than hundreds ha of unserviceable irrigated
farmlands
Storage Dams
Diversion Dams
Other Adaptation Strategies
66. 8. Intensify establishment of
rainwater harvesting structures
(e.g. SWIP)
9. Monitoring, provision of
shallow tube wells, and
fingerling dispersal to
vulnerable areas with high
impact to Inland aquaculture
Other Adaptation Strategies
68. UPGRADE CAPABILITIES TO ANTICIPATE
CHANGES IN WEATHER(FORECASTING) &
IMPROVE CLIMATE PROFILE (DATA
BASE)
STRATEGIES/MEASURES
ADAPTATION MEASURES
69. PAGASA’s Response Activities
Enhancement of
Observing systems and
monitoring facilities for
early warning system
• Upgrading of surveillance radars/ Establishment of
Doppler Radar
• Upgrading of Satellite Facilities (NOAA, MTSAT)
• Acquisition of MODIS Satellite
• Upgrading of Upper Air Stations
• Buoys, wind profilers, AWS
70. PAGASA
The Weather and Climate Authority
Payong
PAGASA
CLIMATE SCIENCES...
Science can provide
knowledge…
…we all have to
provide the solutions.
71. Promote Public Awareness
Educate yourself, you family, your friends,
your co-workers and everyone you meet.
The more people are aware of the issues
the more likely they are to make decisions
that will be constructive!
Be active - Speak up in a positive way in
your local community and organization and
help others to commit to reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
