Our graduation project from college of engineering at shoubra - benha university
water Desalination unit with the use of concentrating solar thermal system and reverse osmosis method.
chaitra-1.pptx fake news detection using machine learning
RO - Water Desalination Unit using parabolic trough collector
1. “RO” water desalination unit
using Solar energy as source
of Pressure energy
Supervisors
Prof Dr/ Ramdan Sakr
Prof Dr/ Ahmed Attia
Dr/ Mohamed Abdelrahman
Dr/ Mohamed Emam
Mechanical Engineering Dept.
2019
2. Presented by
Mahmoud Hesham Lotfy
Ahmed Mohamed Hanora
Yousry Tarek Mostafa
Ahmed Khaled Soliman
Kareem Mohamed Nassar
2
3. Table of content
I- Introduction
II- System description
III- Operation method
Iv- Results
3
4. Energy Problem
4
Main Problem
Water Problem
Water scarcity is the
lack of fresh water
resources to meet water
demand. It affects every
continent and was
listed in 2019 by the
World Economic Forum
as one of the largest
global risks in terms of
potential impact over
the next decade .
Most scientists now believe
that carbon dioxide
concentrations in the
atmosphere are rapidly
increasing, and that
emissions from the burning
of fossil fuels is a principal
cause. Thus, it is probable
that this will affect the
climate and lead to global
warming. Also Fossil fuels is
finite source of energy.
6. Objective
s• Desalinating water to overcome fresh
water crisis.
• Using sustainable and
renewable energy instead of
fossil fuel.
6
• Reduce the production cost.
• Using clean energy to reduce
pollution.
7. Renewable
Energy
Energy obtained from natural
energy occurring in the
immediate
Environment.
Infinite source of energy, clean
and cheap.
Has a lot of types such as:
Solar, Wind, Hydropower,
Geothermal and Tidal energy.
C
B
A
6
8. Why Solar Energy? 8
Location of Egypt.1
2
3
4
A solar energy system has no moving
parts, which means less risk to damage
and less maintenance.
Solar energy systems provide more
predictable energy outputs.
Relatively silent in operation, fast
installation
Egypt received about 2400-2800 kWh/m2 per year
as direct normal irradiance.
9. Understanding
Osmosis.
Osmosis is the tendency of water to flow
from a hypotonic solution (low
substances) to hypertonic solution (higher
of dissolved substances) across a
membrane.
9
10. What is Reverse
Osmosis, “RO”?
Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is
used
to remove a large majority of
pushing the water under pressure through
semipermeable membrane.
10
Reverse Osmosis removes: More than 99%
of dissolved salts(ions), Dust Particles,
Colloids Organics, Bacteria, Pyrogens. And
many more.
11. Concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems
• CST technologies use different mirror configurations to
concentrate the sun’s light energy onto a receiver and convert it
steam with high pressure.
• In a CST system, the solar-generated heat replaces the burning of
11
18. Design & Installation Steps.
18
Mirror
Design
Diameter 100 cm
Length 170 cm
Depth 15 cm
Thickness 8 mm
Aperture area 1.9 m2
Weight 35 kg
Reflectivity 95%
4
21. Design & Installation Steps.
21
Model LHE004
Volume 15 L
Maximum work pressure 8 bars
Maximum work
temperature
99-degree Celsius
7 Pressure tank Recievoir
28. Experiments and failures
3 Plastic pressure tank
28
Model LHE004
Volume 15 L
Maximum work pressure 8 bars
Maximum work
temperature
99-degree Celsius
34. Project Outcomes
34
Season
Productivity
(liter/day) for
1.8m2
winter 11
spring 20
summer 27
autumn 18
Total prod/year 6840
0
10
20
30
winter spring summer autumn
Productivity (liter/day) for 1.8m2
• As the mean consumption of fresh water
per person 3 liter per day, The system can
provide fresh water for 6 persons.
35. Project Outcomes
35
• As the mean consumption of fresh water
per person 3 liter per day, The system can
provide fresh water for 2300 persons.
Season
Productivity (liter/day) for
field of 1000m2
winter 4066
spring 7400
summer 10000
autumn 6650
Total
prod/year 2520000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
winter spring summer autumn
Productivity (liter/day) for field of 1000m2
36. Comparison between electrical and thermal
systems
Feed (ppm)
Solar system
(liter/ day)
Electric Pump
(liter/day)
1000 18 58.32
2000 16.68 55.08
3000 14.64 50.7
4000 13.44 44.7
5000 9.6 36.72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
PRODUCTIVITYL/DAY
PPM
solar system electric system
(Relation between productivity of elec. Pump and solar
system per day)
36
37. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
FRESHWATERPPM
FEED WATER PPM
By solar system By electric Pump
Comparison between electrical and thermal
systems
By solar
system
By electric
Pump
Feed
(ppm) Fresh (ppm)
Fresh (ppm)
1000 84 79
2000 167 158
3000 251 237
4000 307 298
5000 416 395
(Relation between ppm of fresh water for elec. pump
and solar system)
37
38. Future Recommendations 38
Make sure that there are no any air gaps
between aluminum sheet because when
temperature increase the air got hotter and
cause increase in pressure which cause failure
of tube glass.
Using aluminum sheet inside
evacuated tube enhance radiation
absorption because it increases
collecting area..
It is preferred to use curved mirror
instead of mirror strips as it have
noticed increase in efficiency.
Consider in design that you have
movable mechanism to fix the
receiver tube in the focal because
you might find mismatch in focal
between theoretical and actual
design.
It is better to follow
meteorological authority to be
sure of sunny hours and rainy
days..
Be careful while dealing with hot
surfaces and use safety tools to
avoid injury.