Diabetes mellitus Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Insulin produced by the pancreas lowers blood glucose. Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes. The two types of diabetes are referred to as type 1 and type 2 Former names for these conditions were insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes, or juvenile onset and adult onset diabetes.

3. Clinical Manifestations
• TBM is typically a subacute disease.
• Low-grade fever, malaise, headache, dizziness, vomiting, and/or personality
changes may persist for a few weeks, after which patients can then develop
more severe headache, altered mental status, stroke, hydrocephalus, and
cranial neuropathies.
• Seizures are commonly seen in children withTBM, occurring in up to 50% of
pediatric cases.

8. Treatment
The treatment ofTB meningitis is isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and
ethambutol for two months, followed by isoniazid and rifampicin alone for a
further ten months.
Steroids help reduce the risk of death in those without HIV.
Steroids can be used in the first six weeks of treatment; A few people may
require immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide.
The addition of aspirin may reduce or delay mortality, possibly by reducing
complications such as infarcts.

9. Prognosis
• Prognosis ofTBM largely depends on neurologic status at the time of
presentation, and time-to-treatment initiation.
• Various case series indicate a mortality rate of 7%–65% in developed countries,
and up to 69% in underdeveloped areas.
• Neurologic sequelae occur in up to 50% of survivors.