Information about iron and its properties

1. IRON
AHMAD BILAL
HASSAN RAZA

2. Properties
Pure iron is a metal It oxidizes readily in the presence of oxygen
and moisture. In order to obtain metallic
iron, oxygen must be removed from
naturally occurring ores by chemical
reduction.
The properties of iron can be modified by
alloying it with various other metals (and
some non-metals, notably carbon and
silicon) to form steels.

3. Iron ores
 Magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4% Fe)
 Hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe)
 Goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe)
 Limonite (FeO(OH)·n(H2O), 55% Fe)
 Siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe)

4. Engineering Applications
 The Construction Of Machinery And Machine
Tools,
 Automobiles,
 The Hulls Of Large Ships,
 And Structural Components For Buildings
 Rail Transportation
 Oil And Gas Industries
 Electrical Equipment
 Appliances And Utensils

5. Other
Application
CENTRAL ATOM IN THE
HEMOGLOBIN.

6. Commercial Iron
Since pure iron is quite soft, it is most commonly used in the
form of steel. Some of the forms in which iron is produced:
 commercially include:
 Pig iron has 3.5–4.5% carbon
 Cast iron contains 2–4% Carbon, 1–6% Silicon, and small
amounts of manganese
 Wrought iron contains less than 0.25% carbon.

7. Pig Iron
“Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron
industry, also known as crude iron, which is obtained
by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.”
-Wikipedia
Pig iron is hard, wear resistant, fairly fusible and very
brittle. It is not useful directly as a material except for
limited applications.

8. Wrought Iron
“A tough malleable form of iron suitable for forging or rolling
rather than casting, obtained by puddling pig iron while
molten. It is nearly pure but contains some slag in the form of
filaments.”
-Wikipedia
 An iron alloy with a very low carbon content, has fibrous
inclusions, known as slag.
 Wrought iron lacks the carbon content necessary for
hardening through heat treatment.
 An advantage of its low carbon content is its excellent
weldability.

9. Cast Irons
 White cast iron is named after its white surface
when fractured, due to its carbide impurities
which allow cracks to pass straight through.
 Grey cast iron is named after its grey fractured
surface, which occurs because the graphitic flakes
deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new
cracks as the material breaks.

10. Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content up to 2.1%
by weight. The definition of carbon steel from
the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states:
 no minimum content is specified or required
for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, t
itanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other
element to be added to obtain a desired alloying
effect
 the specified minimum for copper does not exceed
0.40 percent;
 or the maximum content specified for any of the
following elements does not exceed the percentages
noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, copper 0.60.

11. Chemical Composition

12. THE END
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