Nutrition unit 1

1. NUTRITION

2. UNIT- 1 INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION
Your body needs energy to do work, and that energy
comes from food
Food provide something called nutrients to your body.
Nutrients are substance that provide energy and
materials for growth, repair and cell development.
Nutrition is the provision of the materials necessary in
the form of food to cells and organisms to support life
Healthy diet prevents or alleviates(reduce) common
health problem.

4. CON.
Food also provide energy for performing
activities of daily living and doing other
work
A poor diet may cause certain health
problem such as kwashiorkor, marasmus,
anaemia, blindness, scurvy, pellagra,
rickets, osteoporosis etc.

5. CON..
Nutrition is the branch of science in which we study
various nutrients and their effect on human body.
Along with heredity, environment factors, life style,
socio-economic status etc.
Food is the basic necessity of life and life can not be
sustained(continuous) without adequate nourishment.
Food we eat is digested and assimilated (utilize as
nourishment) in the body and essential for proper
growth and development.

6. DEFINITION
Nutrition is defined as the science of food
and its relationship to health.
It is food at work in the body
It is concerned with the part played by
nutrients in the body growth development
and maintenance.
 NUTRITION:- The study of food

7. DEFINITION
 FOOD:- Any substance which contains nutrients
 NUTRIENT:- Any substance which can be
digested and used by the body. proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water
OR
 Organic and inorganic substance which are found
in the food we eat, are known as NUTRIENTS.

8. CON.
They provide energy for doing daily work are helpful
in proper growth and development and prevent
various disease.
Nutrients can classified into two parts:-
1. Macro nutrients
2. Micro nutrients

9. MACRO NUTRIENTS
Macro nutrients are essential nutrients the body needs
in large quantities to remain healthy.
Macro nutrients provide the body with energy, help
prevent disease and allow the body to function
correctly.
These are three main types:
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Fats

10. MICRO NUTRIENTS
Micro nutrients are the nutrients which are
required in small amounts but their
deficiency may cause various nutritional
deficiency disease.
Micro nutrients are also known as
protective nutrients.
 Vitamins and minerals

11. FOOD HABITS AND CUSTOMS
Different habits and customs are present in the
people of different society, culture and religion.
Even these may also be different in the different
people of same religion, society and culture.
Some of these food habits and customs are
health promoting whereas some have adverse
effects on health

12. CON..
Food habits are learned through everyday
living and family relationships
Food habits are primarily based on food
availability, economics, personal food
belief
 Cultural background and customs are
largely determine what is eaten.

13. A) Health promoting food habits and customs
 To take all the nutrients in adequate
amount as per body’s requirements
 Maintenance of adequate food hygiene EX.
During cooking, serving, storage and
eating.
 Avoid to take high fatty and spicy diet.
 To take fluids in adequate amount.
 To avoid intake of adulterated food.

14. CON..
 To feed the infants breast milk exclusively
up to age of six months.
To give the new born colostrum (thick first
milk in breast make while mother is
pregnant and just after birth) essentially.
To provide additional diet to a woman
during pregnancy and lactation.

15. CON..
Do not purchase uncovered food items and cut
and rotten fruits from the market.
To consume seasonal fruits and vegetables in
sufficient amount.
To give therapeutic diet essentially to a patient
as prescribed by dietitian.
Fasting for 2-4 days in a month.

16. Food habits and customs having adverse
effect on health
 To consume high fatty, oils and spicy food in
excessive amount.
 Inadequate food hygiene during cooking ,serving,
storage and eating.
 To purchase uncovered food items, and cut and
rotten fruits from the market.
 Do not feed the new-born breast milk exclusively
up to 6 months of age
 Do not feed the new born colostrum.

17. CON..
 Do not give additional diet to a women
during pregnancy and lactation.
Consumption of costly and nutritious food
substance first by the males of the family.
In some part of the world eggs are thought
to cause baldness or sterility and hence are
not consumed by pregnant women.

18. CON…
 In our country it is believed that papaya may
lead to abortion, so it is not given to a pregnant
women.
 By different cultures in many countries of
world, foods are classified as hot or cold. Meat.
Eggs, oilseeds etc. are supposed to be hot foods
and it is believed that the these produce more
heat in the body. whereas fruits and vegetables
are supposed to be cold fruits.

19. FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION
 Different persons have different nutritional
needs.
 There are many factors which affect nutritional
requirement of persons. Some of these are as
follows-
AGE
SEX
NATURE OF WORK
INCOME

20. CON..
 FOOD HABITS
 SPECIAL CONDITION SUCH AS
SICKNESS, PRAGNANCY AND
LACTATION

21. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING
HEALTH
 Nutrition is a basic element if health.
 Nutrition influence the health from birth to death.
 Nutrition is a critical part of health and
development. Better nutrition is related to improved
infant, child and maternal health, stronger immune
systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk
of non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes and
cardiovascular disease).
 Food and nutrition are regarded to render an
important contribution in promoting health and well
being.

22. CON…
 RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 SPECIFIC DEFICIENCY
 MORTALITYAND MORBIDITY RATE

23. Con..
 RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
A well balanced nutrition prevents infection like
tuberculosis, good nutrition enhances wound healing.
improve resistance of an individual towards infections
 GROWTH AND DEVLOPMENT
Good nutrition is essential for attainment of normal growth
and development during fetal life and childhood
Physical growth, intellectual development, learning and
behaviour are affected by malnutrition.

24. CON..
 Adequate nutrition is needed for adult life maintenance for
optimum health and efficiency.
 Elder people needs special nutrition due to their
physiological and chronological changes.
 Pregnant and lactating mothers require more proteins and
nutrition to prevent abortion , growth retardation and low
birth weight babies and provide adequate breast feeding for
their babies.

25. CON
 SPECIFIC DEFICIENCY DISEASE
The most common deficiencies find in Indians are protein
energy malnutrition , blindness, goiter, anemia , beriberi
rickets etc.
 There is increased incidence of abortion, still birth and
low birth weight babies in malnourished mothers.
 Hence good nutrition is essential to prevent nutritional
deficiency disease, promotion of health and treatment of
deficiency disease.

26. Con..
 MORTALITYAND MORBIDITY
 Malnutrition leads to increased death rate, infant
mortality rate, still birth and premature deliveries.
 Prematurity is the major cause of death.
 Over nutrition causes like : obesity, diabetes,
hypertension, cardiovascular and renal disease and
causes death.

27. MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition is defined as imbalance between
the body’s need and the intake of nutrients,
which can lead to nutritional disorders.
Malnutrition is the condition that develops
when the body does not get up the right amount
of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it
needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ
function.

28. DEFINATION
 Malnutrition as “the cellular imbalance between the supply of
nutrition and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure
growth, militance, and specific functions”
- WHO
 Under nutrition is the deficiency of calories and one or more
essential nutrition.
 Over nutrition is a form of malnutrition(imbalanced nutrition)
arising from excessive intake of nutrients, leading to
accumulation of body fat that impairs health.

29. KWASHIORKOR

30. MARASMUS