Effective pipe lengths Building studio presentation

1. INTEGRATED BUILDING
STUDIO
BLD 411
BUILDING SERVICES
LECTURER: DR. J.O. FAREMI
PREPARED BY
AGOHA CHINONSO DANIEL 170504029

2. This presentation shall outline, analyse and
appraise the design, drawings and calculations
done for the production of the mechanical and
electrical services of a proposed office building
for AAT TECH located at Blk 7, Ayoade
STREET, BAJULAIYE,
Shomolu Local Government.
Lagos State.
INTRODUCTION

3. PROJECT INFORMATION
• THE PROPOSED COMMERCIAL
DEVELOPMENT IS AN OFFICE
BUILDING LOCATED ON THE
MAINLAND PRECISELY AT BLK 7,
AYOADE STREET, SHOMOLU
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,
LAGOS.
• THE STRUCTURE IS POWERED BY
THE POWER HOLDING COMPANY
SUBSTATION (PHCN) AT IKEJA
AND HAS A STAND BY 45KVA
MIKANO GENERATOR TO
SUPPLY ELECTRICITY IN THE
ABSENCE OF SUPPLY OF
ELECTRICITY FROM THE PHCN.
THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED ON A 36M
BY 18M PLOT OF LAND OCCUPYING A
BUILDING FOOT PRINT OF 97.92 SQM.
BUILDING TO SITE RATIO IS
APPROXIMATELY 1:2
THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF
PERSONS/USERS OF THE BUIILDING IS 25
PERSONS

4. DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING
THE PROPOSED OFFICE BUILDING IS A
STOREY BUILDING COMPRISING OF A
GROUNDFLOOR AND AN UPPER FLOOR.
THE GROUNDFLOOR CONSIST OF
THREE OFFICES, A RECEPTION AND
TWO TOILETS INCLUDING A
STAIRCASE LEADING TO THE UPPER
FLOOR.
THE UPPER FLOOR CONSIST OF A
MANAGER’S OFFICE, CONFERENCE
ROOM AND THREE TOILETS
INCLUDING AN EXTERNAL
STAIRCASE FOR EMERGENCIES AND
SMOOTH FLOW OF TRAFFIC WITHIN
THE BUILDING

5. MECHANICAL SERVICES
PLUMBING
WATER SYSTEM ADOPTED
INDIRECT SYSTEM
THE INDIRECT SYSTEM OF WATER SUPPLY WILL BE
ADOPTED AND RECOMMENDED FOR THE BUILDING DUE
TO:
• THE ANTICIPATED WATER DEMAND OF THE BUILDING
• THE PROVISION OF ADEQUATE EMERGENCY STORAGE
THAN THE DIRECT SYSTEM
• THE INCONSISTENCIES OF THE WATER CORPORATION
• THE NEED FOR CLEAN WATER AT ALL TIMES
• RELIABILITY, UNSTEADY POWER SUPPLY AND ALSO
EFFICIENCY
ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PERSONS
THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS EXPECTED TO BE IN
THE BUILDING IS 25
• DESIGN INFORMATION
• SOURCE OF WATER
• THE SOURCE OF WATER TO THE
BUILDING IS A BOREHOLE
CONSTRUCTED IN THE SITE. WATER
IS THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE
OVERHEAD.
• DEPTH OF WATER TABLE 11M
• BORE HOLE DEPTH 17M DRAWN FOR
CLEAN WATER
• MEDIUM WELL SUBMERSSIBLE PUMP
TO TRAVEL AT DEPTH OF 17M

6. CALCULATION OF FLOWRATE
ASSUMPTIONS
ALL SANITARY APPLIANCES ARE USED AT THE SAME TIME
USING THE RECOMMENDED FLOWRATES FOR VARIOUS SANITARY APPLIANCES AS STATED IN R.H
GREENO
PARAMATERS EXTRACTED FROM
DRAWINGS
NUMBER OF WC CISTERNS  5
NUMBER OF HAND BASINS  5
FROM THE TABLE ON THE RIGHT
FLOWRATES FOR THE APPLIANCES TO
BE USED ARE 0.11 (WC CISTERNS) AND
0.15(HAND BASINS)
FLOWRATES = ( 5 × 0.11) + ( 5 × 0.15)
= 0.55 + 0.75
= 1.30 LITRES/SEC
SANITARY APPLIANCES FLOWRATES IN LITRES
PER SECONDS
WC Cistern 0.11
Hand Basin 0.15
Hand Basin (Spray Tap) 0.03
Bath (19mm tap) 0.30
Bath (25mm tap) 0.60
Shower 0.11
Sink (13mm tap) 0.19
Sink (19mm tap) 0.30
Sink (25mm tap) 0.40

7. CALCULATION OF BORE DIAMETER
DETERMINATION OF BORE
DIAMETER USING THOMAS BOX
FORMULA
THIS AIDS IN THE PROPER RECOMMENDATION
AND SELECTION OF THE RIGHT BORE DIAMETER
OF PIPE TO THE PUMP TO THE OVERHEAD TANK.
𝑑 =
5 𝑞2×25×𝐿×105
𝐻
WHERE: 𝑑 = DIAMETER BORE OF PIPE MM
Q = FLOW RATE (L/S)
H = HEAD OR PRESSURE (M)
L = EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF PIPE (M)
(ACTUAL LENGTH ALLOWANCE FOR BENDS,
TEES, ETC.)
PARAMETERS
Q = 1.30 LITRES/SEC
H = 6.986M
L = 21.48M
𝑑 =
5 1.302 × 25 × 21.48 × 105
6.986
= 27MM
THE NEAREST COMMERCIAL SIZE ABOVE
THIS IS 32 MM BORE PIPE DIAMETER

8. EFFECTIVE PIPE LENGTH
THIS COMPRISES OF THE SUMMATION OF
PIPE LENGTHS AND APPROXIMATE
EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTHS OF FITTINGS
USED IN THE CONNECTION FROM THE
PUMP TO THE OVERHEAD TANK
FROM THE EXTRACTED DRAWING ON THE
RIGHT. IT CAN BE DEDUCED THE LENGTH
OF PIPE WHICH WILL BE USED TO
CALCULATE THE EFFECTIVE PIPE LENGTH
IN THE NEXT SLIDE.
L1 = 6880MM
L2 = 202MM

9. CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE PIPE
LENGTH
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTHS OF
THE FITTINGS USED GOTTEN FROM THE
TABLE
RECALL, PIPE BORE DIAMETER = 32MM
ELBOW  1.4M
STOP VALVE  13M
THERERFORE, EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH (L)
BECOMES
L = ACTUAL LENGTH + ALLOWANCE FOR
BENDS,TEES (EQUIVALENGTH
PIPE LENGTH)
L = 6.880M + 0.202M + 1.4M + 13M
PIPE BORE
(mm)
ELBOW(m) TEE(m) STOP
VALVE(m)
15 0.6 0.7 4.5
20 0.8 1.0 7
25 1.0 1.5 10
32 1.4 2.0 13
40 1.7 2.5 16
50 2.3 3.5 22

10. DESIGN OF OVERHEAD TANK
ASSUMPTIONS
• SINCE THE BUILDING IS AN OFFICE BUILDING, 40 LITRES
PER PERSON IS ESTIMATED FOR THE PROPOSED
CALCULATION OF THE TANK CAPACITY
• NUMBER OF USERS PER DAY = 25 PEOPLE
• LITRES OF WATER PER DAY = 25 × 40 = 1000 LITRES
PER DAY
• WORKING HOURS ARE BETWEEN 9AM TO 4PM DAILY
HENCE WATER IS ACTIVELY NEEDED FOR ONLY 7 HOURS
DAILY
• FOR 12HOURS USAGE DAILY ,
• LITRES OF WATER : 1000 LITRES  24HRS
? LITRES  7HRS
? =
1000
24
× 7
= 292 LITRES NEEDED PER DAY
ASSUMING THREE DAYS WATER STORAGE
• FOR THREE DAYS = 3 × 292 LITRES = 876 LITRES
• THEREFORE, 1 NO OF 1000 LITRES WATER STORAGE
TANK BE PLACED BEHIND THE BUILDING WITH
• THE SUPPLY FROM THE OVERHEAD TANK
PROVIDES ADEQUATE PRESSURE ALL
THROUGH THE DAY. AND THE WATER IN
THE TANK SHOULD PUMPED AT EVERY
THREE DAYS INTERVAL.
• THE STORAGE TANKS SHALL BE INSTALLED
ON A STEEL TOWER AT A DISTANCE AWAY
FROM THE BUILDING AT AN ELEVATION OF
ABOUT 6.8M ABOVE THE GROUND LEVEL.
TIME TAKEN TO FILL TANK
• CAPACITY OF OVERHEAD TANKS =
1000LITRES
• FLOW RATE OF PUMP = 1.30L/S
= 1.30 × 60
= 78 L/MINS
TIME TO FILL OVERHEAD TANK =
1000𝑙
78𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
= 12 MINS

11. PLUMBING FIXTURES IN THE BUILDING
PIPE SIZING PLUMBING
• PIPE WORK FROM OVERHEAD
TANK FOR DISTRIBUTION TO THE
BUILDING - 32MMΦUPVC PIPE
• TO WASH HAND BASIN -
15MMΦCPVC BASIN BRANCH
WATER SUPPLY PIPE
• TO WC -
15MMΦCPVC WC BRANCH SUPPLY
PIPE
• RISER PIPE (COLD WATER) -
32MMΦ CPVC (COLD WATER)
SUPPLY PIPE
FIXTURES/FITTINGS
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION SPECIFICATIO
N
GROUN
D
FLOOR
UPPER
FLOOR
EXTERNA
L
TOTAL
Water
closet
Close couple
Twyford WC set
with “p” trap,
complete with all
necessary fittings
2 3 - 5 TWYFORD
CERAMIC
SNW-100041
Wash
hand
basin
Wash hand basin
with trap with all
necessary fittings
2 3 - 5 TWYFORD
CERAMIC
SNW 100096
90o
Elbow
Used to pipes at
perpendicular edges
8 9 6 17 PVC
Tees 3 4 - 7 PVC
Ball
valve
4 7 - 11
Stop
valve
2 2
Flexible
connect
or
4 6 10

12. SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
TO CALCULATE FOR THE SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK THAT IS TO BE
PROVIDED BASED ON THE VOLUME OF LIQUID ENTERING THE TANK
EACH DAY:
A = VOLUME OF LIQUID ENTERING THE TANK EACH DAY = VOLUME OF
LIQUID TO BE STORED IN THE SEPTIC TANK = TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER
CONSUMED PER DAY = 876 LITRES
VOLUME OF SLUDGE AND SCUM IS GIVEN BY:
B = P X N X F X S
P = NUMBER OF PEOPLE USING THE TANK = 25 PEOPLE ASSUMED PER
DAY
N = PERIOD BETWEEN DE-SLUDGING = ASSUMPTION OF 2 YEARS
F = SIZING FACTOR = 1.0
S = SLUDGE AND SCUM ACCUMULATION RATE = 40 LITRES PER PERSON
PER YEAR
B = 25 X 2 X 1.0 X 40= 2000 LITRES
TOTAL TANK VOLUME = A + B
= 876 + 2000 = 2876LITRES = 2.876M³
ASSUME LIQUID DEPTH = 2.4M ASSUME TANK WIDTH = 1WM
ASSUME SINGLE COMPARTMENTS LENGTH OF COMPARTMENT = 2W
VOLUME OF TANK, V = 2.4X (2W) X W
= 4.8 W²
LENGTH OF COMPARTMENT = 2W
VOLUME OF TANK, V = 2.4X (2W) X W
= 4.8 W²
THUS 4.8 W² = 2.876M³ W = 0.77M = WIDTH OF THE
TANK
LENGTH OF COMPARTMENT = 2W = 2 X 0.77= 1.54M
DEPTH OF TANK FROM FLOOR TO SOFFIT OF COVER SLAB =
LIQUID DEPTH + FREE BOARD
= 2.4 + 0.3 = 2.7M
THE TANK VOLUME (EXCLUDING THE FREEBOARD) IS
1.540M X 0.77M X 2.4M DEPTH = 2.85M³
THEREFORE, MINIMUM SEPTIC TANK SIZE IN LITRES OF
EFFECTIVE CAPACITY NEEDED FOR 2 YEARS = 2850 LITRES

13. DRAINAGE FIXTURES IN THE BUILDING
PIPE SIZING DRAINAGE
WATER DRAINAGE FROM THE BUILDING
WASH HAND BASIN – 50MM PVC 3MM
THICK
WC – 100MM PVC 5MM THICK FOR FOUL
WASTE
INSPECTION CHAMBER IS PROVIDED AT
EVERY CHANGE IN DIRECTION ALSO IT IS
450 X 450MM IN SIZE WITH A 4 INCH WALL
IN BETWEEN TO SEPARATE THE FOUL/SOIL
WATER FROM THE WASTE WATER.
FLOOR DRAIN STACK – 50MMΦ CPVC PIPE
PROPERLY FIXED TO THE WALL
WASH HAND BASIN – 50MMΦ CPVC PIPE
WC DRAIN – 100MMΦ CPVC PIPE 5MM
THICK
WC STACK – 100MMΦ CPVC PIPE
FIXTURES/FITTINGS
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION SPECIFICATIO
N
GROUN
D
FLOOR
UPPER
FLOOR
EXTERNA
L
TOTAL
Water
closet
Close couple
Twyford WC set
with “p” trap,
complete with all
necessary fittings
2 3 - 5 TWYFORD
CERAMIC
SNW-100041
Wash
hand
basin
Wash hand basin
with trap with all
necessary fittings
2 3 - 5 TWYFORD
CERAMIC
SNW 100096
90o
Elbow
Used to pipes at
perpendicular
edges
8 9 6 17 UPVC
100025
Vent Pipe 2 3 - 5 UPVC
Inspectio
n
Chamber
Casted Precast 3 - - 3 PLAIN CONCRETE
Septic
Tank
Casted Precast - - - 1 PLAIN CONCRETE
Soak
Away
Casted Precast - - 1 1 PLAIN CONCRETE

14. ELECTRICAL SERVICES
• LIGHTING DESIGN- THE LUMEN DESIGN
METHOD WAS USE TO DETERMINE THE
LIGHTING LAYOUT THAT WILL PROVIDE THE
REQUIRED ILLUMINANCE IN EACH ROOM.
• POWER CIRCUIT- THE DESIGN OF THE
POWER CIRCUIT IS BASE ON THE
ANTICIPATED APPLIANCE LOADINGS
APPLYING THE RING CIRCUIT
CONSIDERATION
• AIR CONDITIONING CIRCUIT- THE DESIGN
ADOPTED WAS THE RULE OF THUMB
METHOD OF DESIGN.
ELECTRICAL UTILITY DESIGN
MODE OF SUPPLY- THE STRUCTURE IS POWERED
BY THE POWER HOLDING COMPANY SUBSTATION
(PHCN) AT IKEJA [IKEDC]
ALSO WITH A STAND BY 45KVA MIKANO
GENERATOR TO SUPPLY ELECTRICITY IN THE
ABSENCE OF SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY FROM THE
PHCN
SUPPLY TYPE SYSTEM TO THE BUILDING- SINGLE
PHASE 3 WIRES OF 220V SUPPLY TO EACH FLOOR.

15. LIGHTING DESIGN
• LIGHTING DESIGN- THE LUMEN DESIGN
METHOD WAS USE TO DETERMINE THE
LIGHTING LAYOUT THAT WILL PROVIDE THE
REQUIRED ILLUMINANCE IN EACH ROOM.
• 𝑁 =
𝐸𝐴
𝑛 ×𝑓 ×𝑀𝑓 ×𝑈𝑓
where: E= required illuminance
A = area to be lit
N = no of illuminance required
n = no of lamps per lumen
F = lumen rating of the light builb
Mf = maintenance factor[light loss. this
depends on the maintenance of the building.
Uf = utilization factor
SPACING HEIGHT RATIO
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
𝐻𝑚
𝐴
𝑁
× 𝐻𝑚
Hm = mounting height A = Area of
the space
N = number of luminaire
ROOM INDEX
𝑅𝑂𝑂𝑀 𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑋 =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚(𝐿 + 𝑊)
where ; L = length of space
w = width of space
Hm = mounting height
The room index is used to obtain the utilization
factor from a table shown in the report.

16. LIGHTING DESIGN
MAINTENANCE FACTOR (MF)
THE TABLE BELOW GIVES DETAILS ON THE
ROOM CLASSIFICATION WITH REFERENCE TO
STATE OF CLEANLINESS WHICH IS USED ON
HOW MAINTAINED THE SPACE IS
ROOM INDEX AND CORRESPONDING UTILIZATION
FACTOR
THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS ROOM INDEX AND THE
APPROPRIATE UTILIZATION FACTORS TO BE USED
ROOM
CLASSIFICATI
ON
LAMP
MAINTENANCE
FACTOR
MAINTENAN
CE
FOR DIRTY
LAMP
TOTAL
MAINTENAN
CE
FACTOR
VERY CLEN 0.09 0.85 0.85 – 0.90
CLEAN 0.90 0.90 0.80
AVERAGE 0.90 0.80 0.70
DIRTY 0.90 0.70 0.60
ROOM INDEX 70-50-30
0 – 0.75 0.36
0.76 – 1.00 0.42
1.01 – 1.25 0.47
1.26 – 1.50 0.51
1.56 – 2.00 0.56
2.01 – 2.50 0.60
2.56 – 3.00 0.63
3.01 – 4.00 0.65
4.01 – 5.01 0.69

17. LIGHTING DESIGN
BELOW IS A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THE
DESIGN OF OFFICE SPACE 1- USING
LUMEN DESIGN
REQUIRED ILLUMINANCE : 500 LUX
LENGTH: 4.463M WIDTH: 3.263M
AREA OF SPACE TO BE = 4.463 × 3.263M =
14.563M2
HM = 2M 𝑅𝑂𝑂𝑀 𝐼𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑋 =
14.563
2(4.463+3.263)
=
0.94
FROM UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLE
UF = 0.42 MF = 0.8 (CLEAN)
LIGHT USED – WARE LIGHT LED FLAT PANEL
WATTAGE OF LIGHT USED = 40W
𝑁 =
500×14.563
4400×0.42 ×0.8
= 5 luminaires
SPACING HEIGHT RATIO
𝑆𝐻𝑅 =
1
2
14.563
5
× 2 =1.7m
REQUIRED NUMBER OF ROWS
NO OF ROWS =
𝑊𝐼𝐷𝑇𝐻
𝑆𝐻𝑅
=
3.263
1.71
= 2 ROWS
NO OF COLUMNS : ROWS × COLUMNS ≥ 5
2 × C ≥ 5
C= 2.5 = 3
NO OF COLUMNS = 3
SATISFACTORY NO OF LUMINAIRE= ROWS × COLUMNS = 2
× 3 = 6
NUMBER OF LUMINAIRES = 6
TOTAL FLUX = 4400 × 6 = 26400 LUMEN

18. LIGHTING DESIGN GROUND FLOOR LIGHTING PLAN
REQUIRED LUMINOUS FLUX
FROM 𝐸 =
𝜙
4𝜋𝑑2
𝟇 = 500 × 4 × Π × 22
𝟇 = 25132.74
SINCE TOTAL INSTALLED FLUX ˃ REQUIRED LUMINOUS
FLUX
26400 ˃ 25132.74
DESIGN IS SATISFACTORY AND ECONOMICAL
SPACE TYPE OF LIGHT
USED
LUMEN
OFFICES Ware Light LED FLAT
panel
4400
RECEPTION Ware Light LED FLAT
panel
4400
MANAGER’S
OFFICE
Ware Light LED FLAT
panel
4400
CONFERENCE
ROOM
Ware Light LED FLAT
panel
4400
LOBBIES MAX Lite edge lit flat
panel
2540
TOILETS Thinklux LED 800

19. LIGHTING DESIGN
SCHEDULE OF LIGHTING FIXTURES
SPACE LOCATION TYPE OF LIGHT
USED
NUMBER OF
LUMINAIRES
OFFICE 1 GROUND FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 6
OFFICE 2 GROUND FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 4
OFFICE 3 GROUND FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 4
OFFICE 4 FIRST FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 6
CONFERENCE ROOM FIRST FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 8
RECEPTION GROUND FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 4
MANAGER’S OFFICE FIRST FLOOR WARE LIGHT LED 4
TOILET 1 GROUND FLOOR THINK LUX LED 1
TOILET 2 GROUND FLOOR THINK LUX LED 1
TOILET 3 FIRST FLOOR THINK LUX LED 1
TOILET 4 FIRST FLOOR THINK LUX LED 1

20. CIRCUIT AND RECOMMENDED MCBs
THE TABLE ON THE RIGHT SHOWS THE
RESPECTIVE CIRCUITS IN THIS DESIGN AND
THEIR RECOMMENDED MCB.
LC1 REPRESENTS ALL LIGHTING FIXTURES ON
GROUNDFLOOR
RC1 REPRESENTS APPLIANCES ON
GROUNDFLOR EXCEPT AIRCONDITIONS AND
REFRIGERATOR
AC1 REPRESENTS ALL AIRCONDITIONS ON THE
GROUNDFLOOR
SC1 REPRESENTS WATER HEATER
CIRCUIT CURRENT
FLOWING (AMP)
RECOMMEND MCB
(AMP)
LC1 3.71 4
LC2 3.86 4
LC3 7.78 10
RC1 19.94 20
RC2 22.06 25
RC3 31.38 32
RC4 14.67 16
AC1 14.67 16
AC2 11.28 13
SC1 8.18 10

21. DIVERSITY FACTORS
• DIVERSITY FACTOR
CIRCUIT CONDITION DIVERSITY FACTOR (Amp)
LIGHTING 66% of total Current demand 0.66 × [3.71 + 3.86 + 7.78]
0.66 × 15.35
10.13
POWER 100% of highest full load current +
40% of remainder
1(31.38) + 0.4(19.94 + 27.06 +11.28 +
14.67 + 14.67)
= 64.43
WATER HEATER 100% of Load 8.18

22. CABLE SIZING
• LIGHTING DESIGN- THE LUMEN DESIGN
METHOD WAS USE TO DETERMINE THE
LIGHTING LAYOUT THAT WILL PROVIDE
THE REQUIRED ILLUMINANCE IN EACH
ROOM.
• POWER CIRCUIT- THE DESIGN OF THE
POWER CIRCUIT IS BASE ON THE
ANTICIPATED APPLIANCE LOADINGS
APPLYING THE RING CIRCUIT
CONSIDERATION
• AIR CONDITIONING CIRCUIT- THE
DESIGN ADOPTED WAS THE RULE OF
C.S.A (mm2) CURRENT
CARRYING
CAPACITY
(CONDUIT)
VOLTAGE DROP
(Mv )
1.0 13.0 44.0
1.5 16.5 29.0
2.5 23.0 18.0
4.0 30.0 11.0
6.0 32.0 7.3
10 38.0 4.4

23. CABLE SIZING
BELOW IS A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THE
CABLE SIZING OF LC1
𝑉𝐷 =
𝑚𝑉 × 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 × 𝐶𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
1000
≤ 4% 𝑜𝑓 220𝑣 (8.8𝑣)
• FOR LC1
RECOMMENDED C.S.A = 1.0 MM2
CURRENT FLOWING =3.71AMPS
𝑉𝐷 =
44 × 3.71 × 43.52
1000
= 7.10𝑣 ≤ 8.8𝑣
THEREFORE 1MM2 CABLE SIZE IS
SATISFACTORY AND THUS RECOMMENDED
C.S.A (mm2) CURRENT
CARRYING
CAPACITY
(CONDUIT)
VOLTAGE DROP
(mV )
1.0 13.0 44.0
1.5 16.5 29.0
2.5 23.0 18.0
4.0 30.0 11.0
6.0 32.0 7.3
10 38.0 4.4

24. AIR CONDITION DESIGN
AIR CONDITION DESIGN
IN THE DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED OFFICE DEVELOPMENT RULE OF THUMB WAS CONSIDERED AND
USED TO DESIGN THE COOLING CAPACITY OF THE VARIOUS SPACES WITHIN THE BUILDING
BELOW IS A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF THE DESIGN OF OFFICE SPACE 1- USING THE RULE OF THUMB
PARAMETERS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN OF AIR CONDITION
LENGTH: 4.463M BREADTH: 3.263MHEIGHT: 2.85M
AREA OF SPACE = 4.463 × 3.263 = 14.563M2
VOLUME OF SPACE TO BE COOLED = AREA × HEIGHT = 14.563 × 2.85 = 41.51M3
RECALL,
1 M3  225 BTU
41.51M3 ? BTU
? BTU =
41.51M3
1M3 × 225𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 9339.75BTU
FROM TABLE IT CAN BE DEDUCED THAT 9339.75BTU REQUIRES 1.5HP

25. AIR CONDITION DESIGN
HORSE POWER - HEAT LOAD RELATIONSHIP
VOLUME RELATIONSHIP
1 M3  225 BTU
POWER [WATTAGE] – HORSE POWER RELATIONSHIP
1.0 HP  717.5W 1.5 HP  1076.25W 2.0 HP  1435W
CURRENT CONSUMPTION
1.5HP =
1076.25W
220
= 4.89 AMPS
NUMBER OF AIRCONDITION UNITS FOR THE OFFICE SPACE 1
SINCE 1.5HP SUPPLIES 13500BTU/HR, AND THE SPACE REQUIRES 9339.75BTU/HR
N =
9339.75
13500
= 0.69 = 1
THEREFORE 1 NUMBER OF 1.5HP IS REQUIRED FOR THE SPACE
HORSE POWER (Hp) HEAT LOAD (BTU/hr)
1.0 Hp AC 9000
1.5 Hp AC 13500
2.0 Hp AC 18000

26. AIR CONDITION DESIGN
SCHEDULE OF AIR CONDITION UNITS
SPACE LOCATION NUMBER OF
AC
OFFICE 1 GROUND FLOOR 1
OFFICE 2 GROUND FLOOR 1
OFFICE 3 GROUND FLOOR 1
OFFICE 4 FIRST FLOOR 1
CONFERENCE ROOM FIRST FLOOR 2
RECEPTION GROUND FLOOR 1
MANAGER’S OFFICE FIRST FLOOR 1

27. CONCLUSION
“IN CONCLUSION THE PROJECT HAS TREMENDOUSLY HELP IMPROVE MY UNDERSTANDING ON THE
INTEGRATION OF BUILDING SERVICES (MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SERVICES) FROM THE
ANALYSIS, DESIGNS, DRAWINGS, CALCULATIONS IN WHICH I CARRIED OUT DURING MY DESIGN”

28. THANK YOU!