system security

1. Introduction
 Biometrics provides a secure method of authentication and identification.
 Biometric identification utilises physiological and behavioural characteristics
to authenticate a person’s identity.
 A biometric system can be divided into two stages:
Enrolment module
Identification module
 Biometric devices have three primary components :
Automated mechanism
Processing, Storage and comparison of image with a stored data
Interfaces
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2.  Irises are one of the more accurate physiological characteristics that
can be used.
 The probability of finding two people with identical iris pattern is
almost zero.
 The iris-scan process begins with a photograph.
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3. What is Iris?
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 The iris is a protective internal organ of a eye, which appear
as a colored disc , behind clear protective window of cornea,
surrounded by white tissue of the eye.

4. Iris Imaging
 Position Your eye 10 to 15 centimetres
from the iris scanner.
 Make sure that you can only see one
eye in the LCD display of the iris
scanner.
 If you feel that one eye is giving you
more trouble than the other, always
use the other eye.
 Keep your eye still during the scan.
 Stand still until the computer indicates
identification is completed.
Iris Imaging
• Distance up to 1 meter
• Near-infrared camera
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5. Iris localization
 The process of obtaining picture
of iris only is called localization.
 Delimits the iris from the rest of
the acquired image
 To identify the approximately
concentric circular outer
boundaries of the iris and the
pupil in a photo of an eye using
DAUGMAN’S ALGORITHM
 Exclude eyelids, eyelashes and
pupil also .
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6. Feature Encoding
 After localization iris code is computed based on information
received from GABOR WAVELETS.
 GABOR WAVELETS are specialized filter banks that extract
information from signal at various locations and scales.
 The IRIS CODE is calculated using 8 circular bands that has
been adjusted to iris and pupil boundary.
 Iris recognition tech converts visible characteristic of iris into
512 bit iris code, these templates are stored for future
verification attempts.
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7. Pattern Matching
 Live Iris code of the iris presented for authentication is
compared with iris code stored in the database.
 Bit by bit comparison is made between two irises & no of non
matching bits & matching bits are found out.
 Number of non matching bits are divided by number of bits to
obtain Hamming distance.
 Hamming distance gives degree of match or unmatch. For two
identical iris code, hamming distance is zero, and for perfectly
unmatch hamming distance is one.
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8. Comparison with respect to cost &
Accuracy
 Iris scanning is most expensive biometric security system when compared to other.
 But the accuracy of this system is proportionately high.
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9. Comparison of Iris Recognition with
other Biometrics:
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10. Applications
Computing environment.
Need for large throughput and queuing.
Tracking Prisoner Movement.
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11. Future Applications
Computer login: The iris as a living password.
National Border Controls: The iris as a living password.
Telephone call charging without cash, cards or PIN numbers.
Premises access control (home, office, laboratory etc.).
Driving licenses and other personal certificates.
Entitlements and benefits authentication.
Forensics, birth certificates, tracking missing or wanted person
Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices.
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12. Advantages
Sensing of the biometric is without physical contact .
Iris is an internal organ is well protected against damage .
 Iris has a fine texture .
 Highly stable .
Artificial eye can be detected .
Analysis of iris extremely fast .
Highly accurate .
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13. Disadvantages
 Requires much user cooperation.
 Performance of iris authentication may be impaired by glasses .
 Difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters
 Susceptible to poor image quality .
 Camera used in the process needs to have the correct amount of
illumination.
 Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections .
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14. Conclusion
 The uniqueness of iris and the low probability of a false acceptance or false
rejection all contribute to the benefits of using iris recognition technology.
 Provides an accurate and secure method of authenticating users onto
company systems .
 The technical performance cabability of the iris recognition process far
surpasses that of any biometric technology now available and it is the future
of highly secure security system.
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