Chapter No. 3 - Computer Science Paper 2

1. FUNCTIONAL
HARDWARE OF PC
Class XI Science
Mentor: Aditi Bhushan

2. What is computer software ?
■ Set of Instruction – stored electronically in computer
Types of Software
System Software Application Software
Examples: File Utilities, Batch,
Shell, Data Compression
Examples: Chrome, Ms Paint,
Word, Notepad

3. Difference between software and
hardware

4. Motherboard

5. Important Parts
■ MICROPROCESSOR – 8085, 8086, PENTIUM, CORE DUO
■ CO-PROCESSORS
■ MEMORY – RAM / ROM / EPRAM
■ I/O DEVICES
■ EXPANSION SLOT
■ INTER-CONNECTING CIRCUITS

8. CPU

9. ■ CLOCK FREQUENCY – Maintains Speed : Pentium
processor maintains 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
■ DATA BUS – can accommodate for 8 bit, 16 bit, 32
bit, 64 bit or 126 bit.
■ ADDRESS BUS – Eg: Pentium can support 32 bit
means mapping of 2^32 = 1 Gb memory
■ CONTROL BUS – supports bidirectional flow of
resources.
■ SERIAL PORTS - supports serial transfer of data

10. Memory

11. Controller
■ A device – Controls the data transfer from
computer to a peripheral device.
■ Communication with Bus.
■ Example : PCI, SCSI, Disk Controller
■ Disk Controller: - Controls a disk drive.
■ Hard Disk Controller: - Controls a hard disk drive.
(HDC)
■ Floppy Disk Controller: - Controls a floppy disk
drive. (FDC)

12. SYSTEM BUSES
■ DATA / ADDRESS BUS
■ CONTROL BUS
■ USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)
■ ISA BUS (Industrial Standard Architechture) – 16 bit, 8 MHz
■ EISA BUS – MCA CHANNEL CONNECTIVITY – 32 bit
■ MCA BUS (Micro Channel Bus) – 32 bit, improvement over ISA, 80386DX,
Configurable over adapter cards
■ VLB (VESA Local Bus) – 1992, First popular bus,Video Electronic Standard,
32-bit, 33MHz, I/O Controller
■ PCI Bus (Peripheral Connection Interface) – 32 bit, 33MHz, Local to CPU,
Expansion cards and slots

13. INTERRUPTS /TRAP/EXCEPTION
■ SIGNALS happening at some EVENT
■ Example: Keystroke, Mouse Click
■ 2TYPES :
– HARDWARE IR
– SECONDARY IR
■ IR generates Routines, Sub-Routines. {Eg: Key-Strokes}
■ IR is saved in MEMORY as INTERRUPTVECTORTABLE
(IVT)

14. IVT

15. THANKYOU