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PRESENTATION
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
ABDUL MOEED
GME 5TH

2. INTRODUCTION:
The dust particles inhaled from 1-5 nm these
particles go to alveoli and stuck here b/c these
particles can’t exhale back d/t large size and here
alveolar macrophages occur against that & cause
Fibrosis.
It’s divided into the following different types these
are :

3. Types Following
Silicosis/ Grinder’s Disease/ Sandblasting
Disease:
➔MC
➔D/t Quartz is a hard highly crystalline minerals
compose of silicon dioxide SiO2.
➔Affect upper lobes
➔Inc. TB / Inc. Cancer
➔Cxr show Egg shell calcification [ calcification on
Hilar Ln.

4. Types Following
Asbestosis:
➔Electric Insulation / Plumbing
Types Of Particles
➔Serpentine [ Curry particles ]
➔Amphibole [ More pathogenic][Straight particles]
Inosilicate minerals makies needle like crystal composed
SiO4 doble chain.
Lesions:
➔Pleural Plaque
Mc lesion
Seen at Basal area

5. Types Following
➔Interstitial Fibrosis:
Ferruginous Body or Asbestosis Body
Internal substance come with iron & protein
➔Involves Base
➔Inc. cancer acts as intiater & promotor
1) Bronchogenic Carcinoma [15-20 yr exposure] mc
2) Mesothelioma [25-35 yr exposure]

6. Types Following
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis:
➔Coal dust
➔Presentations
1) Pulmonary Anthracosis:
➔No clinical symp.
➔Dust cells + [ macrophages ….. coal dust]
1) Simple Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis:
➔Person have coal macule 1-2 mm
➔Nodules +
➔Elastase = Centriacinar Emphysema

7. Types Following
3) Progressive Massive Fibrosis:
➔Factors smoking & coal dust
➔Complicated coal workers
➔Black Lungs

8. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Feb. 18 2014 Report.
Objectives:
To assess the prevalence of pneum. among coal
miners.
Methodology:
➔400 coal miners
➔Worked more than 6 months
➔Medical camps with PFT & CXR
➔Dtails

9. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Approx. more than 200 coal mines each one 1000-
1200 miners. The study only 400 miners.
they formulated the details some like that age,
duration, of coal mining job, smoking, history, years
of smoking & no. of cigarettes/day.

10. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Age Distribution:
<20 yr 21 p 5.3%
20-25 yr 46 p 36.5%
25-30 yr 69 p 17.3%
31-35 yr 48 p 12.0%
36 & ab 116 39.0%
Duration Of Mining:
1-4 yr 112 p 28.0%
5-8 yr 112 p 28.0%
9-14 yr 68 p 17.0%
15 yr And
Above 108 p 27.0%
Smoking History;
Smokers 288 72.0%
N.Smkrs 112 28.0%
No. Of Cigarette
Smoke/day, N=288
1-5 cigrt 108 37.5%
6-10 cigrt 92 31.9%
11-15 cigrt 64 22.2%
16 cigrt &
Above 24 8.3%

11. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Results:
During examination out of all chest symptoms 71%
(n=284); the coal miners showed high prevalence of high
dry cough & productive cough inn 26.50% (n=68); &
chest pain in 9% (n=36). PFTs show 52.50% (n=210) of all
400 Restrictive Pattern & 47% (n=188) show nodular
opacities on CXR.

12. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Chest X-Ray
1) Pneumoconiosis
Persons 188 47.00%
1) Normal Or Other
Disease
Persons 212 53.00%
1) Total Population
Persons 400 100%
PFTs
1) R.Disease Pattern
Persons 210 52.50%
1) Normal Or Other
Diseases
Persons 190 47.50%
1) Total Population
Persons 400 100%

13. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Conclusions
From above CXR & PFTs data they concluded that
71% have sign and symptoms of occupational
respiratory health problem and 49.50% showed
prevalence of Pneumoconiosis.
There are a large number of of coa; workers who
need immediate referral & treatment to prevent
their disease progress & their ultimate
consequences of high morbidity & mortality.

14. PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Recommendation:
➔Need proper & immediate attention of concerned
authorities.
➔Coal miners should educate & trained regarding
occupational health & safety.
➔Provision of personal protective equipment and it use
dring coal mines is compulsory.
➔Government & Private coal sectors should implement
measures regarding prevention & control to avoid
unnecessary mortality & morbidity.

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