An organic revolution coming your way with patents and another patent pending

1. New: a Challenge in
Sustainable Agriculture
If you can increase CO2 conversion to O2,
would you like to be involved ?
2017 WATER as By product in Mitochondrion processings.

2. Many Crops … steps
“Quorum gene activators”
Productive
ENERGY
BIODIVERSITY &
SUSTAINABILTY.
1989 - Hypothesis
2000 -Commercialization
2005 - Patented
2007 - Marketing
2009 - Holdings
2017 - International

3. “Abiotic stressors v.s. Biotic stresses …,
diseases ?” Adjustments and defenses.
Plants : effects within Nano- to Milli –seconds
followed with Gene Expression Adjusments after 30 minutes.
• Fear = Facts & Evidence Appear
Right
• Face = Free Air Carbon-dioxide
Enrichment. (2013)
• SOM = Soil Organic Material. 1027
microbe’s
• Life = C-N-P, H2O
• 1964 Genetic code and expressing
in Enzymes.
• OTHER 1989, 2005,
2011
•2017
1850
Cation-anion balances

4. Detail Environmental monitoring

5. Biological Properties
& solar Radiation
Meteorological Conditions
Soil Fertility
Agricultural practices
(diseases, Insects, weeds)
Potential Y(YIELD) Meteorological Possible Y Practically Possible Y Commercial Y
REFERENCE YIELDS & LIMITING FACTORS – J Kadaja (2004)
PATENT
functional SOIL
WETNESS
DRYNESS
2004 NEW CONCEPTS ABOUT PROPABILITY
2017 2005/6 1984-90
IVET
Technology developed in RSA and destined for
International use in agriculture, gardens and forestry

6. Genetic information protection.
Unique, no competition yet,
worldwide first. “Quorum gene
activators”
AgAgricultural systems in developing countries are currently
undergoing drastic changes. What are the implications of such
developments and change processes for food security, resource base
quality, rural well-being, and in general for the future of agriculture?

7. The situations affecting all.
Bad attitude.
Domination.
Autocracy.
Tit for tat.
***
Prevention or cure ? ...
Who … Name
What do… Learn
Do for … Other
Need … Service
Result … SATISFIED
Chasing Happiness.
Meaning of Life.
NURTURE NATURE
Beyond self. Resilient.
4 Pillar’s:
1. Belonging - love.
2. Purpose – Give, strength to
serve.
3. Stepping beyond – Higher
reality.
4. Story telling – Redemption,
change, love, good that
sustain

8. Soil Dynamics.
Chemically speaking diverse and complex interpretation
1977 … 2011

9. 18,7
19,0
20,9
18,8
24,5
21,0
16,2
15,9 3,4
1,7
1,3
1,3
1,3
3,6
3,5
4,6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Fungi
Bacteria
A
Control
>270 gm 170 - 270 gm 100 - 170 gm <100 gm
39.38 T/Ha
49.8 T/Ha
Potatoes –ASA trial, Bloemfontein 2002
* Yield in ton per hectare
41.95 T/Ha
44.79 T/Ha

10. 0.05 0.2 0.5 1.0 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 1.0E+4 2.0E+4 5.0E+4 1.0E+5
Time [ms]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Fluorescence[mV]
Fluorescence Raw Curv es
0.05 0.1 0.3 2 30
07030203-03
07030207-07
07030209-09
07030210-10
07030211-11
07030215-15
07030216-16
07030217-17
07030218-18
07030221-21
07030225-25
07030228-28
07030236-36
07030239-39
07030240-40
07030340-40
07030307-07
07030308-08
07030309-09
07030310-10
07030311-11
07030312-12
07030313-1307030315-15
07030316-16
07030317-17
07030320-2007030321-21
07030323-23
07030324-2407030327-27
07030329-29
07030330-30
07030331-31
07030332-32
07030333-3307030334-34
07030336-3607030337-37
07030339-39
07030578-7807030542-42
07030543-43
07030544-4407030545-45
07030546-46
07030548-48
07030549-49
07030550-50
07030551-51
07030552-52
07030553-5307030556-56
07030557-57
07030558-5807030559-59
07030560-60
07030561-61
07030562-6207030563-6307030564-6407030565-65
07030568-6807030569-69
07030570-7007030571-71
07030572-72
07030541-41
Control
Mg deficient
Necrotic
C. HERMANS, R. M. RODRIGUEZ and R.J. STRASSER
Bioenergetics Laboratory- University of Geneva, Chemin des Embrouchis 10, CH-1254 Jussy/Geneva, Switzerland. eMail Reto.Strasser@Bioen.unige.ch
CO2
Sugar
Water
Oxygen
Heat
dissipation
Fluorescence
Energy conservation
Absorption
Electron transport
Metabolism
JIP TEST
HE
The
operator illuminates the
plant during one second
SHE
The
plant makes
photosynthesis and
emits fluorescence
IT
The
instrument Plant
Efficiency Analyser
measures the
fluorescence from 10
ms to 1 sec.
Time: 1 sec per sample
e.g. 25 control leaves
25 Mg
deficient leaves
25
necrotic leaves
Transfer of data from the PEA intrument to
PC and display on program BIOLYZER
JIP-TEST for PHENOTYPING
Take many samples (plant, tissue,
cells, …) and press the button
JIP-test treated by
BIOLYZER
ETo/RC
ABS/RC
DIo/RC
TRo/RC
per reaction centre
ABS/RC
TRo/RC
DIo/RC
ETo/RC
ABS/CS
TRo/CS
ETo/CS
DIo/CS
per cross section
per reaction centre
ABS/CS
ETo/CS
DIo/CS
TRo/CS
per cross section
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
l
a
n
t
s
Mg
deficie
nt
plants
-1.75
-1.25
-0.75
-0.25
0.25
0.75
1.25
1
0
R
C
/
A
B
S
j
P
o
/
(
1
-
j
P
o
)
S
F
I
A
B
S
Y
o
/
(
1
-
Y
o
)
P
I
A
B
S
P
I
C
S
o
P
I
C
S
M
DIo/CSM
ETo/CSM
TRo/CSM
ABS/CSM
RC/CSM
DIo/CSo
ETo/CSo
TRo/CSo
ABS/CSo
RC/CSo
DIo/RC ETo/RC
TRo/RC
A
B
S
/
R
C
kP
kNP
S k
Sm/tFMAX
N
S
m
jDo
jEo
Y
o
j
P
o
VI
VJ
MG
MO
FV/FO
F
O
/
F
M
I % tFmax area F0 FM F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
tFmax area F0 FM F 50 µs F 100 µs F 300 µs F 2 ms F 30 ms
Control 100 299 47914 408 2675 483 578 872 1323 2294
Mg deficiency 100 319 11562 523 1270 547 665 865 978 1190
F0 / FM Fv/F0 dV /dt0 dVG /dt0 Sm VJ VI Y1 Y2 Y3
F0 / FM Fv/F0 M0 MG VJ VI jPo Y0 jEo jDo
Control 0.180 4.554 0.711 0.870 0.383 0.826 0.820 0.617 0.505 0.180
Mg deficiency 0.505 1.203 1.852 3.709 0.625 0.894 0.495 0.375 0.191 0.505
Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Y11 Y12 Y13
Sm N Sm/tFmax Sk kN kP ABS / RC TR0 / RC ET0 / RC DI0 / RC
Control 21.82 40.57 0.08 2.08 0.37 1.70 2.26 1.85 1.14 0.41
Mg deficiency 15.53 46.43 0.05 2.13 1.18 0.95 8.30 2.97 1.12 5.33
Y14 Y15 Y16 Y17 Y20 Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24 Y25
RC / CS0 ABS / CS0 TR0 / CS0 ET0 / CS0 DI0 / CS0 RC / CSM ABS /CSM TR0 /CSM ET0 /CSM DI0 / CSM
Control 213.39 482.51 395.37 243.86 87.14 1184.98 2675.30 2192.78 1352.31 482.51
Mg deficiency 97.34 546.51 288.10 113.64 258.42 247.31 1269.64 723.12 292.13 546.52
Y26 Y27 Y28 Y29 Y30 Y31 Y32
SFIP
ABS 10 • RC/ABS jPo / 1-jPo Y0 / 1-Y0 PIABS PICSM PICSo
Control 2.24 4.43 4.55 1.61 32.60 15673.02 87150.19
Mg deficiency 0.37 1.69 1.20 0.63 1.74 1081.14 3141.73
Pipeline
Models
Multiparameter Plot
CorrelationsNumerical Tables
Stress quantification
Light, Heat, Drought, Moisture,
Salt, …
Nutrition, Fertiliser, Heavy Metals
and biotic stress
Global change
Elevated CO2, ozone, temperature
green house effect
Ecology
urban trees and forest
biodiversity
revegetation, sustainable
agriculture
phytoremediation
Quality assessment
Post harvesting and shelf life
Distinction and characterization of
Genetically Modified Organisms
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Electron Transport
DDrivingForce

11. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Fotosintese
Stomageleiding
Vitaliteit
Kontrole Behandel
Potatoes –Potchefstroom
University
Resultaat geverifiëer deur Dr. Riekert v Heerden, Dpt Plantkunde
+37%
+92%
5.4
10.4
23.6
33.4
10.6
14.5
+42%
JIIP Toetse
Pietersburg 2002

12. Pietersburg
AartappelsenSuikerbone
Aartappel Suikerbone
Vitaliteitsindeks
(%verhogingt.o.v.kontrole)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
VITALITY Measurements
Sensitive
Fast & Low cost

13. Transpiration and Photosynthesis –
stomata dynamic control
• Crop Water requirements decreased
(both dry and wet cycles = OPTIMAL
Management on farms)
• Rain 60 000 x more oxygen in soils
• Light and & IR light used (light cycles)
• Sulphur dioxide ( SO2)- stoma closes !!!
“Prof Gert Kruger & Elmien Heynecke
Captain Scott medals”

14. Mitochondria.
From a quantitative viewpoint, in most cell types, mitochondria
are thought to be the largest contributors to intracellular oxidant
production.
Mitochondria generate ATP in an oxygen-dependent manner,
during which the flow of electrons down the respiratory chain
eventually culminates at complex IV with the reduction of
molecular oxygen to water.
Throughout this process, molecular oxygen can also undergo a
one-electron reduction to generate a superoxide anion.

15. 2014 ROS … NATURE REVIEWS | MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY VOLUME 15 |
JUNE 2014 |
The concept that oxidants can function as part of signal transduction pathways is a fairly new idea that has gained credence in the past two
decades (2,3). Both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been implicated as potential messengers, although the greater stability of
hydrogen peroxide seems to make it better equipped to function as a signalling intermediate. Given the chemical simplicity of most
ROS, the basis of how redox signalling achieves any measure of specificity has been difficult to understand. Recent evidence that
oxidants and their targets might be spatially confined within the cell could provide at least part of the answer (4). Although many
questions remain, ever growing numbers of observations regarding ROS biology are rapidly shaping our understanding of a range of
topics, including metabolic regulation, innate immunity, stem cell biology, the pathogenesis of cancer, and why and how
we age….
Finally, although mitochondrial oxidants have been historically viewed as purely toxic in nature, as discussed here they can also regulate
important intracellular signalling pathways (9–11)…
… a condition that is characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections
Other enzymes. Mitochondria and the NOX family of enzymes are the best-characterized intracellular sources of ROS, but a wide range of
enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, cytochrome P450 enzymes and lipoxygenases, can all
produce ROS …This view has changed as a result of the growing appreciation that ROS reversibly modulate several important
intracellular pathways.
… reversible oxidation and reduction of other amino acids can occur, and emerging evidence indicates that Met residues, the other sulphur-
containing amino acid, might provide an analogous redox-dependent system (34)
… Interestingly, this general mechanism seems to be a conserved strategy for inducing a coordinated transcriptional response to a
rise in ROS levels.
… Thus, in this setting, oxidants seem both to mediate a direct host defence response and to have an important signalling function. A
similar, dual role for ROS is also evident in lower organisms(49).
… The hypothesis that ROS levels need to be tightly controlled is supported by studies of embryonic stem cells in which both
increasing and decreasing ROS levels can lead to genomic instability(71).
… Finally, another potential pathway whereby ROS might modulate stem cell fate comes from the emerging link between oxidants
and epigenetics. The first clear connection between ROS and chromatin modification has resulted from elegant studies in model
organisms such as yeast(78).

16. 2014 ROS … NATURE REVIEWS | MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY VOLUME 15 | JUNE 2014 |
ROS and ageing
There is a long, historic association between ROS and ageing, which started more than 50 years ago with the studies of
Denham Harman, who initially proposed the free radical theory of ageing1. Since the initial formulation of this theory,
several studies have lent support to the argument that oxidants have a central role in the ageing process, although an
equivalent number of studies have come to different conclusions (98).
…The confusion regarding the link between ROS and ageing has recently taken another interesting turn with data from model
organisms indicating that oxidants might have a beneficial role in regulating lifespan. This line of evidence relates to the
phenomenon of hormesis — the concept that a little stress protects the cell or organism from a subsequent larger stress.
…) in yeast(108). Whether this paradigm extends to higher organisms remains mostly untested. Nevertheless, a small clinical
study showed that the beneficial effects of physical exercise were eliminated in patients who were given antioxidant
supplements, which might have inhibited a ROS-dependent hormetic response (109).
…Summary:
The idea that ROS function purely in a harmful and direct manner has given way to a more nuanced view that these molecules
can specifically modulate various biologically relevant pathways. Similarly to the phosphorylation and
dephosphorylation of Ser and Thr residues, the oxidation and reduction of Cys and Met residues provide a mechanism to
rapidly and reversibly alter protein function (FIG. 6). Challenges remain, as considerable gaps in our knowledge persist.
…Finally, the precise role of ROS in disease remains mostly unknown. Do oxidants protect from or promote cancers? Does
the release of ROS cause or prevent ageing? Nonetheless, from a biological point of view, it is beginning to look as if
ROS are neither cellular heroes nor villains — but instead something that occupies that always entertaining,
captivating and fertile middle ground.

17. Comprehensive Transcriptional Analysis of the Oxidative Response in Yeast*□ S
Press,April17,2008,DOI10.1074/jbc.M800295200
The lack of parallelism between the evolution of the mRNA amount and transcription rate predicts changes in mRNA stability
during stress. Genes for ribosomal proteins and rRNA processing enzymes are abundant among those whose mRNAs are
predicted to destabilize. The number of genes whose mRNAs are predicted to stabilize is lower, although some protein
folding or proteasomal genes are among the latter
…This study indicates that the oxidative stress response in yeast cells is not only conditioned by gene transcription but also by
them RNA decay dynamics and that this complex response may be particularly relevant to explain the temporary down-
regulation of protein synthesis occurring during stress.
Introduction.
Cells react against environmental stresses through multiple responses that occur at transcriptional and post-transcriptional
levels to adapt them selves to the new conditions and counteract the possible macromolecular damage caused by the
stress situation. Most systematic studies on such responses focus on changes in mRNA amounts (mRNA amount or
concentration (i.e. amount per cell), indicated as RA)caused by the environmental stress, using the DNA array
technology.
…When applied to a nutritional shift from glucose to galactose, the GRO methodology showed that TR was t he main
determinant of RA, although some groups of genes were modulated at the mRNA decay level(4).
…A general correlation was also found between mRNA decay rates and the physiological function of the gene products(8).
However, the experimental conditions employed for switching off transcription in the above studies caused a stress
situation per se in yeast cells, which discards using a similar approach or analysing mRNA kinetics after an
experimentally induced stress(16).
… Results indicate that for some functional groups of genes, changes in mRNA decay rates play an important role in the
adaptation to oxidative stress.
….Genes belonging to ribosome biogenesis categories and organic acid transport are specially controlled by changes in their
mRNA stability. This is the first time that such a detailed analysis of mRNA stability has been done for a dynamic
situation in any organism.

18. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOLUME283 • NUMBER26 •JUNE27,2008
.As expected (34), initial mRNA decay rates followed first-order kinetics, and half-lives were calculated from the slopes of the log curves.
From a half life value of 14.3 min during exponential growth, this increased to18.6min after 20min of applying the stress, to decrease
to7.6 min after 60 min in stress conditions.
…Members of clusters 19 and 20 experience a much higher and rapid increase in mRNA levels than in TR upon the oxidative stress, which
consequently predicts a temporary stabilization of mRNA
…Thus, the experimental work using the regulatable tet promoter system confirmed the prediction of a stress induced mRNA
destabilization. Correlation between Transcription Parameters and Gene Function—mRNA level profiles in response to environmental
stresses tend to correlate among functionally related genes (36,37).Thus, levels of mRNA for RP and for rRNA processing proteins
decrease upon oxidative stress (1).
… This increase preceded that of mRNA levels. TR for mostmRNAscodingfortheproteasomecorecomplexiscoordinatelyup-
regulatedimmediatelyaftertheonsetoftheoxidativestress,andthisisfollowedbylaterepression.This by itself can explain the delayed
parallel changes in mRNA levels. The coordinated behaviour of TR for core proteasome genes can be related to the role of the Rpn4
transcription factor as regulator of expression of most proteasome yeast genes (38).
DISCUSSION. This work, we have extended previous studies on the effect of oxidative stress on mRNA amounts at the whole
transcriptome level(1,2).
…In most of the 4757 genes (about 80% of the yeast genome) for which complete TR and RA data were obtained in this study, changes in
one or both parameters occurred during the oxidative stress response.
….We may conclude that the down-regulation in the expression of ribosome-related genes and the subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis
after an oxidative stress result from additive contributions of inhibition of transcription and increased decay rate of the respective
mRNAs. Most of the clusters from 8 to25 display an immediate induction of TR upon the oxidative stress.
….Induction of a number of pathways of amino acid biosynthesis as a response to the moderate stress conditions employed here may be an
adaptive strategy to prepare cells for protein synthesis recovery. Particularly relevant is the strong induction of the biosynthetic
pathway for sulfur amino acids observed in this study. Such induction has not been reported in other studies on oxidative stress
responses where a higher oxidant concentration was employed(1).
….Glutathione is the substrate for glutaredoxins, a group of thiol oxidoreductases participating in the oxidative stress response (42,
43). These, together with other oxidoreductases and additional enzymes detoxifying reactive oxygen species were induced in our
study.

19. From concept 1989 .
(unknown concept about plants and microbes
changing active genes)
to patent intenational 2005 another in 2017

20. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1339–1348, 2014 … www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/1339/2014/
Irrigation efficiency and water-policy implications for river basin resilience
C. A. Scott1, S. Vicuña2, I. Blanco-Gutiérrez3, F. Meza2, and C. Varela-Ortega3
Abstract. Rising demand for food, fiber, and biofuels drives expanding irrigation withdrawals from surface water and groundwater.
Irrigation efficiency and water savings have become watchwords in response to climate-induced hydrological variability, increasing
freshwater demand for other uses including ecosystem water needs, and low economic productivity of irrigation compared to most
other uses. We identify three classes of unintended consequences, presented here as paradoxes. Ever-tighter cycling of water has been
shown to increase resource use, an example of the efficiency paradox. In the absence of effective policy to constrain irrigated area
expansion using “saved water”, efficiency can aggravate scarcity, deteriorate resource quality, and impair river basin resilience through
loss of flexibility and redundancy. Water scarcity and salinity effects in the lower reaches of basins (symptomatic of the scale paradox)
may partly be offset over the short-term through groundwater pumping or increasing surface water storage capacity. However,
declining ecological flows and increasing salinity have important implications for riparian and estuarine ecosystems and for non-
irrigation human uses of water including urban supply and energy generation, examples of the sectoral paradox. This paper briefly
considers three regional contexts with broadly similar climatic and water-resource conditions – central Chile, southwestern US, and
south-central Spain – where irrigation efficiency directly influences basin resilience.
The comparison leads to more generic insights on water policy in relation to irrigation efficiency and emerging or overdue needs for
environmental protection.

22. The lack of parallelism between the evolution of the mRNA amount and
transcription rate predicts changes in mRNA stability during stress. Genes
for ribosomal proteins and rRNA processing enzymes are abundant
among those whose mRNAs are predicted to destabilize. The number of
genes whose mRNAs are predicted to stabilize is lower, although some
protein folding or protea somal genes are among the latter. We have
confirmed the mathematical predictions for several genes pertaining to
different clusters by experimentally determining mRNA decay rates using
the regulatable tet O promoter in transcriptional expression conditions
not affected by the oxidative stress. insights into chlorination effects on
microbial antibiotic resistance in drinking water

23. controle treated

24. IFF WATER APPLICATION (Anoxic events)DECREASES
Can it be ?

25. How we think, observe and achieve.
2011. Academic consortium activated with international
marketing agreements & DTI reward as Research Scientist

26. Since 2010 : results obtained
repeated & visible.
Treated…control Control …treated

27. 2005 – “How can I take you up if you mobilse so slowly”
2017 : Is your reactions efficient for our Planet Health

28. SUMMARY
Communication between plants with chemicals !!!...

29. A Summary.
Organic material
restoration in 4 Years.
• Irrigation frequency and
application drastically
decreased. Cracks oxygenation,
no run-off when excess rain
falls.
• Canolla fumigate & penetrate &
“oxygenate”
• Manage time and machines
sequence, remove 50% wheat
straw, Mulch and plant no
plough, no fallow…no burning
… variation sequence…
• Yield increased, quality
improved diseases decreases.
• Economical turn around …

30. TABLE 1 : Maize Yield (TON PER Hectare) 2006/7 SEASON - Cultivar Pan 6479
Constant yield improvements
THUS : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
reduced NEGATIVE FACTORS
POTCHEFSTROOM BETHLEHEM BOTHAVILLE OTTOSDAL
TON TON TON RANG TON
GLIO
GROW
8.26 1
GLIO
GROW
8.38 1 NPK 5.78 1
GLIO
GROW
8.32 1
Product A 5.83 2 Product C 6.42 2
GLIO
GROW
5.67 2 Product E 5.48 2
NPK 5.77 3 Product F 6.31 3 Product D 5.33 3 Product D 5.26 3
Product B 5.33 4 Product D 6.02 4 Product E 5.16 4 Control 5.14 4
Product C 5.24 5 Product B 6.02 5 Product C 5.05 5 Product F 5 5
Product D 5.06 6 Product E 5.98 6 Product A 5 6 Product A 4.9 6
Product E 4.89 7 Product A 5.93 7 Product F 4.86 7 Product H 4.72 7
Control 4.79 8 NPK 5.87 8 Product G 4.82 8 Product B 4.41 8
Product F 4.73 9 Product G 5.8 9 Control 4.69 9 NPK 4.14 9
Product G 4.31 10 Product H 4.81 10 Product B 4.37 10 Product G 4 10
Product H 3.53 11 Control 4.67 11 Product H 4.34 11 Product C 3.93 11