3. Table of Contents
Ethics vs Morals
Ethics and Morals –
Ethics and Human Interface – Topics Covered:
Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions
Essence of Ethics
Determinants of Ethics
Consequences of Ethics
Ethics in Private and Public relationships
Ethics in Private Relationships
Ethics in Public Relationships
4. Introduction
Ethics is the study of what is right or wrong in human conduct. This is a branch of Philosophy
which studies moral principles. Hence, Ethics is also known as Moral Philosophy.
5. Ethics VS Morals
Ethics
Reasoning Involved
Beyond Rules
Usually considered universal
For the survival of the Society
Morals
Adhere to who is descried
Hard and Fast Rules
For Survival of individual
Relative to society /Culture
6. Ethics = Morals + Reasoning.
For example, you might feel that it is morally wrong to steal, but if you have an ethical viewpoint
on it, it should be based on some sets of arguments and analysis about why it would be wrong
to steal.
To be moral is all about adhering to what is described (by society or religion). But to be ethical,
you should figure out what is right – by applying some principles and considering all the
complexities involved. Clearly, the ethical life is the harder path.
7. Ethics and Morals – An Analogy
Let’s take the case of a car driver and an automobile engineer. The car
driver knows how to drive a car, but he may not know the engine
mechanism or design principles. However an automobile engineer is
concerned with how the car works, and the principles involved.
Connecting the above example with ethics and morals, you can see that
following morals is just like driving the car without understanding the
working principles of the engine. But if you follow ethical principles – you
would be using reasoning and analysis (just like the automobile engineer
in the above example) to understand the situation/case better. If the
engine starts to create trouble, the engineer may be able to use the
problem-solving approach as well.
8. Ethics and Human Interface
Topics Covered:
Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions
Dimensions of ethics
Ethics in private and public relationships
9. Essence, determinants and
consequences of Ethics in human actions
Essence of Ethics
Ethics is the study of morality. The essence of Ethics (core of ethics) is to understand those
philosophies which guide us in determining what is right or wrong.
10. Determinants of Ethics
Determinants are the sources from which the ethical standard arises. There are multiple
determinants of ethics like
Religion
Law
Society
Individual
Knowledge
Time
11. Consequences of Ethics
A consequence is the outcome of any act. Doing good with proper reasoning (being ethical) has
many positive consequences like
Safeguarding the society.
Feeling good.
Creating credibility.ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﻪ
Satisfying basic human needs etc.
12. However, being unethical has many
negative consequences like
Loss of trust.
Nepotism. ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﻴﻪ
Corruption.
Crimes etc.
14. Ethics in Private Relationships
Private relationships largely involve relations with family and friends and hence
are informal in nature. Private relationships are often driven by emotions and
not by reasoning. This can result in unethical practices.
For example, helping your friend to cheat in an exam (unethical).
15. Ethics in Public Relationships
Public relationships involve relations which are formal in nature. This can include co-workers,
government officials, or strangers. There can be legal or social obligations as well.
Ethics in public relations can come into play at:
•Social Ethics – tolerance towards other sections, peace and harmony etc.
•Political Ethics – constitutional ethics ﺍﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ , national interest etc.
•Organisational Ethics – impartiality ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺩ , honesty, hard work, efficiency, corporate
governance ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻛﻤﻪ etc.
•International Ethics – ethics in diplomacy, respecting international treaties etc.
