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1. Green Hope University
Faculty: public administration
Subject: Environmental assures
Assignment: Hazardous west
Lecture: Mr. saacid geele jamac
Group name:
1. Maxamuud Muuse Maxamuud
2. AbdishakurAbdi Abbi
3. Jihaan AbdirahmanMahamed
4. Habso Maxamud Abdile

2. What is a Hazardous Waste?
Definitionofhazardous waste: A hazardouswaste isa solidwaste thatposessubstantial or
potential threatstopublichealthorthe environment
Definitionof HazardousWastesOne of the challengesfacingproperhazardouswaste management
and disposal isthatdefinitionsof hazardouswastesvaryfromone countryto another.The term
hazardouswaste isin itself ambiguous.Effective governmental programsmustprovideappropriate,
scientificallydefensible,andclearlegal definitionsforwastesbeingregulated.However,thiscanbe
difficult.Inthe U.S.,forexample,the Environmental ProtectionAgencytooknearlyfouryearsafter
the passage of the firstU.S. hazardouswaste law in1976 to promulgate regulationsthatdefined
hazardouswaste.Thisdefinition,however,usedbroadterms,includedmanyexceptionsandhas
neededmodificationfromtime totime.Othernationshave hadsimilarexperiences
A general definitiondescribeshazardouswastesaswastesorcombinationsof wastesthatpose a
substantial presentorpotential hazardtohumansor otherlivingorganismsornatural resources
because theyare nondegradable orpersistentinnature,canbe biologically magnified,canbe toxic,
or may otherwise cause detrimental cumulativeeffects.Hazardouswastescontainorganicor
inorganicelementsthat,due totheirtoxicological,physical,chemical,carcinogenicorpersistency
properties,maycause:
 Explosionorfire;
 Infection,includinginfectionbyparasitesortheirvectors;
 Chemical instability,reactionsorcorrosion;
 Acute or chronictoxiceffects;
 Cancer,mutationsorbirth defects;or
 Damage to ecosystemsornatural resources.
2 Sources of Hazardous Waste
The termhazardouswaste oftenincludesby-productsof industrial,domestic,commercial,and
healthcare activities.Rapiddevelopmentandimprovementof variousindustrial technologies,
productsand practicesmay increase hazardouswaste generation.Most hazardouswastesare
producedinthe manufacturingof productsforconsumptionorfurtherindustrial application.
Hazardouswaste sourcesinclude industry,institutional establishments,researchlaboratories,
miningsites,mineral processingsites,agricultural facilitiesandthe natural environment.All sources
that discharge liquid,gaseousorsolidwastesthatfitthe above definitioncanbe regardedassources
of hazardouswastes.
Some majorsourcesare agricultural landandagroindusty,households,minesandmineral
processingsites,healthcare facilities,commercialfacilities,institutional facilities,industrial sites,
solidwaste disposal sites,contaminatedsitesandbuildingmaterials.Majorhazardouswaste sources
and theirpollutionroutesinthe environmentare listedbelow.
Agricultural land and agro-industry:Hazardous wastesfromagricultural landandagro-industrycan
expose people topesticides,fertilizersandhazardousveterinaryproductwastes.Farmsare a major

3. source of these wastes, andagrochemicalscanleachintothe environmentwhileinstorage orcan
cause damage aftertheirapplication.
Domestic:Householdsstockvarioushazardoussubstancessuchasbatteriesanddrycells,furniture
polishes,woodpreservatives,stainremovers, paintthinners,ratpoisons,herbicidesandpesticides,
mosquitorepellents,paints,disinfectants
Minesand mineral processingsites:Miningand mineral processingsiteshandlehazardousproducts
that are presentinthe additives,the productsandthe wastes.
Health care facilities:Healthcare facilitiesare sourcesof pathological waste,humanbloodand
contaminatedneedles.Specificsourcesof these wastesinclude dentists,morticians,veterinary
clinics,home healthcare,bloodbanks,hospitals,clinicsandmedical laboratories.
Commercial wastes: Commercial waste sourcesinclude gasolinestations,drycleanersand
automobile repairshops(workshops).The typesof hazardouswastesgeneratedbythese sources
dependonthe servicesprovided.
Institutional hazardous waste sources:Institutional hazardouswaste sourcesare mainlyresearch
laboratories,research centres andmilitaryinstallations.Some militaryinstallationsare usedforthe
manufacture andstorage of ammunition,andtheyare alsousedastestinggroundsformilitary
hardware.Militaryestablishmentsalsocarryoutactivitiesthatgenerate othertypesof hazardous
wastesof household,commercial andindustrial nature
Industrial hazardous waste sources:Hazardouswastesare createdbymany industrial activities.For
example,the hazardouswastesfromthe petroleumfuelindustryincludethe refineryproducts(fuels
and tar),impuritieslike phenol andcyanidesinthe waste stream, andsludge flushedfromthe
storage tanks.
Solidwaste disposal sites:These are mainlydisposalsitesformunicipal solidwaste,buthazardous
wastesthathave not beenproperlyseparatedfromotherwastesare alsoatthese sites.In
developingcountries,solidwaste disposal sitesare amajor source of pollutant-ladenleachate to
surroundingareas,aswell asrecyclable materialsforscavengers,whocancollectandresell waste
materialsthathave beenexposedtoorthat containhazardous
Contaminatedsites:
Buildingmaterials:Roofsand pipesmade of materialsincorporatingasbestos,copper,orother
materialsmaypresentasource of hazardouswaste
ClassificationofHazardous Waste
Waste characterizationisacritical stepin determininghow awaste shouldbe handledinbulkorin
packagedform.Commonhazardouswastesinclude waste oilandfuel;solventsandthinners;acids
and bases/alkalines;toxicorflammable paintwastes;chlorinatedsolvents,heavymetals,
perchloratesandperoxides;abandonedorusedpesticides;andsome wastewatertreatmentsludge
4. Public Healthand Environmental Effectsof Hazardous Wastes Hazardous wastescan damage the
environmentbycontaminatingair,waterandsoil.Once inthe environment,hazardouswastescan
affectall life forms.Whetherthroughdirectexposure orenvironmentaldamage,hazardouswastes
presentarisk to humanhealth.
Toxiceffluentssuchasthose fromimproperlymanagedminingoperationscanhave veryserious
effectsonwildlifeandpose seriousthreatstohumanhealth(Plate2).Marine ecosystemsand

4. wildlife have alsosufferedmajordamage asa resultof oil spills resultingfromaccidentstolarge
ocean-goingtankers(Plate3).Safetyrelatedpropertiesof hazardouswastesinclude theirtendency
to corrode,explode,burnorcause chemical reactions.Safetyeffects resultingfromhazardous
wastesinclude injuryandevendeathfromanexplosion,fire outbreak,chemical reactionorother
hazardoussituationcreatedbysuchwastes.