1. The two properties about a set of measurements of a dependent variable that we are most interested in describing are: a. frequency and average. b. average and correlation. c. central tendency and dispersion. d. histograms and polygons. 2. The ________________ is the sum of all the scores divided by the number of scores. a. median b. mean c. mode d. standard deviation 3. The generally preferred measure of central tendency is usually the a. range b. mean c. standard deviation d. Median 4. Which of the following is the most useful descriptive statistic for measuring dispersion? a. Range b. Variance c. mean deviation d. standard deviation 5. The standard deviation is a. the square of the variance. b. the square root of the variance. c. smaller than the mean. d. the difference between the highest and lowest scores. 6. If the mean I.Q. is 100 and the standard deviation of I.Q. scores is 15, then an I.Q. of 130 will have a z score (or standard score) of a. 1.00 b. 0.00 c. 2.00 d. -2.00 7. Inferential statistics allow you to decide whether a difference between the experimental and the control group is due to _______________ or ________________. a. manipulation; chance b. manipulation; experimental error c. sampling error; independent variable d. independent variable; experimental error 8. The null hypothesis suggests that the two samples come from ___________ distribution(s), and the experimental hypothesis suggests that the two samples come from _____________ distribution(s). a. different; different b. different; the same c. the same; different d. the same; the same 9. The power of a statistical test refers to its ability to a. reject false null hypotheses. b. reject false experimental hypotheses. c. reject true null hypotheses. d. reject true experimental hypotheses. 10. Simple analysis of variance is used in designs having a. one independent variable b. more than one independent variable c. more than one independent variable (IV) but less than four IVs d. more than one dependent variable 11. The number of participants in a study is denoted by a. s. b. n. c. z. d. r. 12. A _____________ is a complete set of measurements. a. sample b. population c. random sampling d. parameter 13. _____________ is one way of ensuring that a sample is representative of the population. a. The two-tailed test b. The between-subjects design c. The sign test d. Random sampling 14. If we conduct an experiment on average young, white, college males, inferential statistics allow us to generalize to the population of a. average young, white, college males. b. college male students. c. college students. d. young adults. 15. If we apply an alpha level of .05, and there really is no effect of the experimental manipulation, then one should make a Type I error a. 5% of the time. b. 10% of the time. c. 15% of the time. d. 95% of the time. 16. Which of the following would be considered the most conservative alpha level ...

1. 1. The two properties about a set of measurements of a
dependent variable that we are most interested in describing are:
a.
frequency and average.
b.
average and correlation.
c.
central tendency and dispersion.
d.
histograms and polygons.
2. The ________________ is the sum of all the scores divided
by the number of scores.
a.
median
b.
mean
c.
mode
d.
standard deviation
3. The generally preferred measure of central tendency is
usually the
a.
range
b.
mean
c.
standard deviation

2. d.
Median
4. Which of the following is the most useful descriptive statistic
for measuring dispersion?
a.
Range
b.
Variance
c.
mean deviation
d.
standard deviation
5. The standard deviation is
a.
the square of the variance.
b.
the square root of the variance.
c.
smaller than the mean.
d.
the difference between the highest and lowest scores.
6. If the mean I.Q. is 100 and the standard deviation of I.Q.
scores is 15, then an I.Q. of 130 will have a z score (or standard
score) of
a.
1.00
b.
0.00

3. c.
2.00
d.
-2.00
7. Inferential statistics allow you to decide whether a
difference between the experimental and the control group is
due to _______________ or ________________.
a.
manipulation; chance
b.
manipulation; experimental error
c.
sampling error; independent variable
d.
independent variable; experimental error
8. The null hypothesis suggests that the two samples come from
___________ distribution(s), and the experimental hypothesis
suggests that the two samples come from _____________
distribution(s).
a.
different; different
b.
different; the same
c.
the same; different
d.
the same; the same

4. 9. The power of a statistical test refers to its ability to
a.
reject false null hypotheses.
b.
reject false experimental hypotheses.
c.
reject true null hypotheses.
d.
reject true experimental hypotheses.
10. Simple analysis of variance is used in designs having
a.
one independent variable
b.
more than one independent variable
c.
more than one independent variable (IV) but less than four IVs
d.
more than one dependent variable
11. The number of participants in a study is denoted by
a.
s.
b.
n.
c.
z.
d.
r.

5. 12. A _____________ is a complete set of measurements.
a.
sample
b.
population
c.
random sampling
d.
parameter
13. _____________ is one way of ensuring that a sample is
representative of the population.
a.
The two-tailed test
b.
The between-subjects design
c.
The sign test
d.
Random sampling
14. If we conduct an experiment on average young, white,
college males, inferential statistics allow us to generalize to the
population of
a.
average young, white, college males.
b.
college male students.
c.
college students.
d.

6. young adults.
15. If we apply an alpha level of .05, and there really is no
effect of the experimental manipulation, then one should make a
Type I error
a.
5% of the time.
b.
10% of the time.
c.
15% of the time.
d.
95% of the time.
16. Which of the following would be considered the most
conservative alpha level?
a.
.01
b.
.05
c.
.10
d.
.15
17. The prediction that alcohol slows reaction time is
a.
nondirectional.
b.
directional.

7. c.
semidirectional.
d.
partially directional.
18. Two-tailed tests are _______________ conservative and
______________ powerful than one-tailed tests.
a.
less; less
b.
less; more
c.
more; less
d.
more; more
19. The _____________ indicates the number of scores that are
free to vary.
a.
U
b.
degrees of freedom
c.
magnitude of effect
d.
point biserial
20. The ____________ is used to analyze the results when there
are more than two groups.
a.
t-test
b.
z-test

8. c.
analysis of variance
d.
none of the above
21. The __________ maintains that two conditions do not differ.
a.
experimental hypothesis
b.
level of confidence
c.
law of effect
d.
null hypothesis
22. A conservative statistical test is one that
a.
minimizes both Type I and Type II errors.
b.
minimizes Type I errors, but increases the chance of Type II
errors.
c.
minimizes Type II errors, but increases the chance of Type I
errors.
d.
increases the chance of both Type I and II errors.
23. What are inferential statistics used for?
a.

9. summarize the mean and standard deviation of the data
b.
estimate if differences between groups are by chance
c.
describe the data from 2 unrelated groups
d.
describe the relationship within a set of data
24. Descriptive statistics are used to:
a.
compare the significance of the difference between 2 data sets
b.
test the difference between the means
c.
describe the observations
d.
describe the type one error in an experiment
25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal
curve:
a.
bell-shaped
b.
represents 100% of the scores under the curve
c.
100 is at the center
d.
allows us to determine rank

10. EDUC 200
Final Essay Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Content: Introductory Paragraph
18 to 20 points
The introductory paragraph has a strong hook or attention
grabber that is appropriate. Typically, a quote, statistic, or
personal story is used.
14 to 17 points
The introductory paragraph has a hook or attention grabber, but
is in need of greater emphasis.
1 to 13 points
The attention-getting introductory paragraph is not included or
is weak.
0 points
The attention-getting introductory paragraph is not included.
Content: Position/
Thesis Statement
20 to 22 points
The position statement/thesis provides a clear, strong statement
of the chosen position on the topic and names the chosen
rewards and challenges.
15 to 19 points
The position statement provides a suitable statement of the
position on the topic and names the chosen rewards and
challenges.
1 to 14 points

11. A position statement is present, but does not make the position
clear. The chosen rewards and challenges are not identified.
0 points
A position statement is not included. The rewards and
challenges are not identified.
Content: Support for Position – Rewards
20 to 22 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential rewards of the
education profession. Two or more details support each reward
identified.
15 to 19 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential rewards of the
education profession. One additional detail supports each
reward identified.
1 to 14 points
The body of the essay may identify 3 or fewer potential rewards
of the education profession. Further details do not support some
or all of the rewards identified.
0 points
The body of the essay does not include 3 potential rewards of
the education profession.
Content: Support for Position – Challenges
19 to 21 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential challenges of the
education profession. Two or more details support each
challenge identified.
15 to 18 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential challenges of the
education profession. One additional detail supports each
challenge identified.
1 to 14 points
The body of the essay may identify 3 or fewer potential
challenges of the education profession. Further details do not

12. support some or all of the challenges identified.
0 points
The body of the essay does not include 3 potential challenges of
the education profession.
Content: Closing Paragraph
18 to 20 points
The conclusion is strong and leaves the reader solidly
understanding the writer’s position. Effective restatement of the
position statement begins the closing paragraph by naming the
chosen rewards and challenges.
14 to 17 points
The conclusion is recognizable and restated within the first 2
sentences of the closing paragraph. The chosen rewards and
challenges are identified by name.
1 to 13 points
The position is restated in the conclusion paragraph.The chosen
rewards and challenges are not clearly identified.
0 points
A conclusion paragraph is not present.
Structure: Transitions and Focus
10 to 11 points
Transitions are clear between introduction, thesis,
rewards/challenges, and conclusion, and maintain flow of
thought. The focus of the essay is clear and coherent.
8 to 9 points
Transitions are clear between most parts of the essay. Minor
improvement is needed. The focus of the essay is clear and
coherent.
1 to 7 points
Transitions between major parts of the essay are unclear. Focus
is not maintained.
0 points
Transitions between the major parts of the essay are not present.
The focus of the essay is not maintained.

13. Structure: Grammar and Spelling
8 points
Correct spelling and grammar are used throughout the essay.
There are 0–2 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
6 to 7 points
There are 3–5 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
1 to 5 points
There are 6–10 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
0 points
There are more than 10 errors in the grammar or spelling that
distract the reader from the content.
Structure: Current APA Format Compliance
8 points
There are 0–1 minor errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
6 to 7 points
There are 2–3 minor errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
1 to 5 points
There are more than 3 errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
0 points
A title page is not present and/or there are more than 5 errors in
current APA format in the following items: title page, line
spacing, and headings.
Structure: Current APA Reference Page and In-Text Citations
8 points
There are 0–1 minor errors total in the reference page and
minimum 3 in-text citations. Correct current APA format is
used.

14. 6 to 7 points
There are 2–3 minor errors total in the reference page and
minimum 3 in-text citations.
1 to 5 points
There are more than 3 errors total in the reference page and the
minimum 3 in-text citations.
0 points
A reference page is not included. Fewer than 3 or no in-text
citations are included.
Structure: Word Count
9 to 10 points
A minimum word count of 800 words is met or exceeded.
7 to 8 points
A minimum word count of 750 words is met.
1 to 6 points
A minimum word count of 650 words met.
0 points
Word count is fewer than 650 words.
Total
/140
Instructor’s Comments:
Page 3 of 3
EDUC 200
Final Essay Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present

15. Points Earned
Content: Introductory Paragraph
18 to 20 points
The introductory paragraph has a strong hook or attention
grabber that is appropriate. Typically, a quote, statistic, or
personal story is used.
14 to 17 points
The introductory paragraph has a hook or attention grabber, but
is in need of greater emphasis.
1 to 13 points
The attention-getting introductory paragraph is not included or
is weak.
0 points
The attention-getting introductory paragraph is not included.
Content: Position/
Thesis Statement
20 to 22 points
The position statement/thesis provides a clear, strong statement
of the chosen position on the topic and names the chosen
rewards and challenges.
15 to 19 points
The position statement provides a suitable statement of the
position on the topic and names the chosen rewards and
challenges.
1 to 14 points
A position statement is present, but does not make the position
clear. The chosen rewards and challenges are not identified.
0 points
A position statement is not included. The rewards and
challenges are not identified.
Content: Support for Position – Rewards
20 to 22 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential rewards of the

16. education profession. Two or more details support each reward
identified.
15 to 19 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential rewards of the
education profession. One additional detail supports each
reward identified.
1 to 14 points
The body of the essay may identify 3 or fewer potential rewards
of the education profession. Further details do not support some
or all of the rewards identified.
0 points
The body of the essay does not include 3 potential rewards of
the education profession.
Content: Support for Position – Challenges
19 to 21 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential challenges of the
education profession. Two or more details support each
challenge identified.
15 to 18 points
The body of the essay includes 3 potential challenges of the
education profession. One additional detail supports each
challenge identified.
1 to 14 points
The body of the essay may identify 3 or fewer potential
challenges of the education profession. Further details do not
support some or all of the challenges identified.
0 points
The body of the essay does not include 3 potential challenges of
the education profession.
Content: Closing Paragraph
18 to 20 points
The conclusion is strong and leaves the reader solidly
understanding the writer’s position. Effective restatement of the
position statement begins the closing paragraph by naming the

17. chosen rewards and challenges.
14 to 17 points
The conclusion is recognizable and restated within the first 2
sentences of the closing paragraph. The chosen rewards and
challenges are identified by name.
1 to 13 points
The position is restated in the conclusion paragraph.The chosen
rewards and challenges are not clearly identified.
0 points
A conclusion paragraph is not present.
Structure: Transitions and Focus
10 to 11 points
Transitions are clear between introduction, thesis,
rewards/challenges, and conclusion, and maintain flow of
thought. The focus of the essay is clear and coherent.
8 to 9 points
Transitions are clear between most parts of the essay. Minor
improvement is needed. The focus of the essay is clear and
coherent.
1 to 7 points
Transitions between major parts of the essay are unclear. Focus
is not maintained.
0 points
Transitions between the major parts of the essay are not present.
The focus of the essay is not maintained.
Structure: Grammar and Spelling
8 points
Correct spelling and grammar are used throughout the essay.
There are 0–2 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
6 to 7 points
There are 3–5 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
1 to 5 points

18. There are 6–10 errors in grammar or spelling that distract the
reader from the content.
0 points
There are more than 10 errors in the grammar or spelling that
distract the reader from the content.
Structure: Current APA Format Compliance
8 points
There are 0–1 minor errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
6 to 7 points
There are 2–3 minor errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
1 to 5 points
There are more than 3 errors in current APA format in the
following items: title page, line spacing, and headings.
0 points
A title page is not present and/or there are more than 5 errors in
current APA format in the following items: title page, line
spacing, and headings.
Structure: Current APA Reference Page and In-Text Citations
8 points
There are 0–1 minor errors total in the reference page and
minimum 3 in-text citations. Correct current APA format is
used.
6 to 7 points
There are 2–3 minor errors total in the reference page and
minimum 3 in-text citations.
1 to 5 points
There are more than 3 errors total in the reference page and the
minimum 3 in-text citations.
0 points
A reference page is not included. Fewer than 3 or no in-text
citations are included.

19. Structure: Word Count
9 to 10 points
A minimum word count of 800 words is met or exceeded.
7 to 8 points
A minimum word count of 750 words is met.
1 to 6 points
A minimum word count of 650 words met.
0 points
Word count is fewer than 650 words.
Total
/140
Instructor’s Comments:
Page 3 of 3
EDUC 200
Final Essay Instructions
Congratulations on reaching the capstone assignment for EDUC
200. The goal of this essay is to combine the major learning
objectives of this course into a single reflection document that
is personalized for each student. By now you should be able to
determine some of the rewards and challenges the education
profession presents. Imagine that you are interviewing for a job.
How would you professionally describe the rewards and
challenges you may encounter? Use first person, “I”, as you
write your essay to respond to the principal in the interview.
Note the following requirements:
· You will write a 800 word essay in response to the given
prompt
· The essay must be written in current APA format and include a
title page, main body, and reference page.
· It must also include a minimum of 3 in-text citations from the
textbook in current APA format.
· The main body must include an introductory paragraph, body

20. paragraphs and a conclusion paragraph.
· The introductory paragraph should have strong hook or
attention grabbing statement to draw the reader into the paper.
A position or thesis statement should name the chosen rewards
and challenges.
· The body paragraphs should describe the 3 potential rewards
and 3 potential challenges with two or more details to support
each reward or challenge.
· The conclusion should summarize the paper and restate the
position or thesis statement from the introduction.
· The essay must be submitted through Blackboard. Please
consult a copy of the assignment rubric in Blackboard for a
detailed description of expectations and grading criteria.
Final Essay Question:
You have decided to apply for your first teaching position. The
principal seated across from you asks this question: “What are 3
rewards and 3 challenges that you will face as a teacher?”
Submit the Final Essay in Blackboard by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on
Monday of Module/Week 7.