For B.ED

1. Aamir Ali
THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR
TRANSNATIONALEDUCATION
Submitted to: Dr. Irshad

2. Transnational Education
Transnational educationis all types of higher education study programmes, or sets
of courses of study, or educational services (including those of distance education)
in which the learners are located in a country different from the one where the
awarding institution is based.
Such programmesmaybelong to the education system of a Statedifferentfrom the
State in which it operates, or may operateindependently of any nationaleducation
system.
Transnational education is closely linked to
 development of and new possibilities offered by information and
communication technologies,
 growth of corporateeducationalprovision by multi-nationalcompanies,
 developing ‘globalmarket’ of borderlesshigher education
Transnationaleducation isan arrangementin which coursesor programsoffered by
an educationalinstitution based in one countryare delivered to students located in
another country. More elaborate definition of the transnational education is given
by the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
which states ‘all types of higher education study programs, or sets of courses of
study, or educational services (including those of distance education) in which the
learners are located in a country different from the one where the awarding
institution is based.Thus,transnationaleducationis consideredto beborderlessnon
official higher education which offers all forms of higher education activities
operating in parallel to and outside the official higher education system of the host
country. The transnational education in the context of globalization has become a
market driven activity to promote multicultural, diverse and internationalized
outlooks among students.
The globaldemand for education, training and research propelsthe unprecedented
worldwide mobility of peoples for variety of reasons including migration, political
and economic security, trade and business, employment, tourism, study and
research. This mass movement of peopleis transforming socialinstitutions, cultural
practices and sense of identity and belongingness. These changes have resulted in
multiple new cross-national, cross-culturalflows and networks defining the global

3. world of the 21st century. Worldwidedemand for higher education isgrowing at an
exponential rate, driven by economic progressof developing nations, demographic
trends and increased globalization of economies and societies.
Definitions in transnational education
1. Studentmobility and transnationaleducation
Transnational education is something different from student mobility.
Mobility. When students move to study in another country (crossing the green
borderlinewith watchtowers), they return with their credentials that are obtained
in another country. This case is clearly under the Lisbon convention and the
principles for evaluation and recognition of truly foreign credentials are clear to
credential evaluators.
Transnational education. In the case of transnationaleducation the students don’t
move – they study inn their home countryor even at home, butthe credentials are
awarded in the name of a foreign institution. So the diplomas “fly” to the student
from abroad. In other words, it is not the student but the diploma that crosses the
borderline.
2. Programmearticulations
Programme articulations are result of co-operation among higher education
institutions in different countries. They can lead to e.g. programmetwinning, joint
or double degrees.
Provided that both higher education institutions are recognized in their own
countriesthiskind of transnationaleducationshouldnotlead to too manyproblems.
3. Branch campus
Quite often higher education institutions establish branch campuses in other
countries. In many cases the mother institution is a recognized institution in its own
country.
4. Teaching staff
So, who is teaching in the branch campus (and same will go for the franchised
institutions/programmes)?
Is it a “well trained local” (rightside character in the middle position) who teaches
the branch campus or a franchised programme. And if it is a well-trained local, do

4. the students feel the full flavor of the education provided by (and culture of) the
foreign institution in whose name the qualification will be awarded?
5. Franchising
Franchising means that a foreign institution does not establish its branch in the
receiving country but, instead, allows some institution in the receiving country to
deliver its programmes. The qualifications awarded however those of the foreign
sending institution are.
Franchising quiteoften leads to recognition problems. In thecase of franchising the
franchisee can be a recognized or a non-recognized higher education institution of
the host country, or it can be anything – non-higher education institutions,
companiesrunning courses, or companiesestablished with the only purposeto run
franchised programmes. Especially the case of franchising involves – agents – third
parties who recruitstudents, organizetuition, provide information to students and
to sending institution, etc.
6. Distance education
Recognitionof a credential awarded throughdistanceeducationby a foreign institutionmay sometimesbe
tricky even if it is a case of "classical' distance education where the student learns individually and
sometimes visits the university for examinations or presentation of thesis.
However, in today's reality the distance education almost always involves a component of tutoring,
consultations, guidance, quite often the examinations and defense of thesis are organis3d in the country
of student’s residence.