FUNGI VIRUS INTRODUCTION

1. FUNGI VIRUS
INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION
 A member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms.
 Fungi is the plural form of fungus.
 Familiar as mushroom.
 These organisms are classified as a kingdom ,fungi which is separate from plants,animals,protists and
bacteria.
 One major difference is the fungal cells have cell walls that contains chitin, unlike the cell wall of the
plants and same as the protists, which contains cellulose, and unlike the cell wall of the bacteria.
 The study of fungi is known as the MYCOLOGY. Mycology has often been regarded as the branch of
the botany even though it is separate kingdom in biological taxonomy.
 Genetic studies have shown that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants.

3.  However, littles known of the biodiversity of the kingdom fungi which Has been estimated at 1.5
million to 5 million species, about 5% of these having been formally classified.
 Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical Works of Carl Linnaeus, Christian
Hendrik person, and Elias magnus fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology
or physiology.

5. MYCO-VIRUS AND La France Diseases
 The virus that Infect Fungi and Replicate inside fungi are called Myco-virus.
 These are also called as fungi virus, mycophage and fungicidal virus.
 Myco-virus first time was recorded on cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) In the late1940’s and
was called the La France disease or watery strip.
 The La France Diseases of mushroom is also know as X diseases or watery stripe.
 Due to this disease:
 Reduced yield
 Slow mycelial growth
 Water logging of tissue
 Malformation
 Miss shaped mushroom

6. FUNGAL DISEASE SIGNS:
 A sign of plant disease is physical evidence of the pathogen. For example, fungal fruiting bodies
are a sign of disease. When you look at powdery mildew on a lilac leaf, you’re actually looking at
the parasitic fungal disease organism itself (Microsphaera alni). Bacterial canker of stone fruits
causes gummosis, a bacterial exudate emerging from the cankers. The thick, liquid exudate is
primarily composed of bacteria and is a sign of the disease, although the canker itself is composed
of plant tissue and is a symptom.
 Leaf rust (common leaf rust in corn)
 Stem rust (wheat stem rust)
 Sclerotinia (white mold)
 Powdery mildew

7. FUNGAL DISEASE SYMPTOMS:
 A symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of disease on the plant. Symptoms may include a
detectable change in color, shape or function of the plant as it responds to the pathogen. Leaf wilting
is a typical symptom of verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal plant pathogens Verticillium albo-
atrum and V. dahliae. Common bacterial blight symptoms include brown, necrotic lesions surrounded
by a bright yellow halo at the leaf margin or interior of the leaf on bean plants. You are not actually
seeing the disease pathogen, but rather a symptom that is being caused by the pathogen.
 Birds-eye spot on berries (anthracnose)
 Damping off seedlings (phytophthora)
 Leaf spot (Septoria brown spot)
 Chlorosis (yellowing of leaves)

8. PREVENTION:
 The best way to prevent fungi from attacking your plants is to buy disease resistant varieties
whenever possible.
 Other ways include minimizing the amount of water contacting foliage. Water at the soil level and
early in the day.
 This allows foliage to dry out quickly, should it become wet.
 It’s also helpful to provide good air circulation through proper spacing between plants, and pruning.

9. CONTROL
 To control fungal outbreaks, as with bacteria, remove all infected plant parts, or plants.
 You may also choose to apply a fungicide.
 There are many products available for treatment, organically (copper, sulfur, and baking soda are
common) or synthetically.
 These treatments are best at preventing the germination of new fungal spores, so applications
before outbreaks occur will provide the most effective control.