CUSTARD APPLE (Annona squamusa )

1. WEL- COME
ASSIGNMENT
HRT-512
BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS

2. ANNONA
SUBMITTED BY-
NAME OF STUDENT – CHANDAN
KUMAR ROUT
REGISTRATION NUMBER – 11903432
ROLL NUMBER – 13
SECTION AND GROUP – H1930A
SUBMITTED TO –
DR.MAHANTESH KAMATYANATI
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
LOVELY
PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

3. CONTENT
1-INTRODUCTION
2-FLORAL BIOLOGY
3-MORPHOLOGY
4-BREEDING OBJECTIVE

4. •Genus – Annona
•Species- squamusa
•Family- Annonaceae
•Chromosome number-(2n)=14 ,X-7
•Order- Magnoliales
•Origin-Tropical America
•Annona names-custard apple,ramphal,lakhshmanphal,
Hnumanphal , soursop , pond apple……
INTRODUCTION

5. • It is mainly a tropical crop and semi-deciduous tree
or shrub
• It is climacteric fruit
• Inflorescence -Axillary cymose
• Fruit type- aggregate fruit(Etaerio of berries)
• Edible part- Pericarp
• Pollination type – cross
• Pollination through- anemophilous (wind)
• Seed viability- 3-4 years

6. IMPORTNANT
ANNONA SPECIES
Ramphal/Bullock heart- Annona reticulata
Lakhshamanphal /Atemoya- Annona atemoya
Hanumanphal /Cherimoya- Annona cherimola
Sour sop - Annona muricata
Pond apple- Annona glabra
Illama - Annona diversifolia

8. ANNONA FRUITS

9. FLORAL BIOLOGY
•Flower type- Hermaphrodite
• Bearing habit-Current season growth (spring)
• Flowers are hypogyny and protogynous in
nature.
• Hypogyny-floral part like calyx ,corolla
,stamens born on the receptacle beneath the
ovary

10. ANNONA
FLOWER

11. • The flowers of Annona species are hermaphrodite and are
produced singly or rarely in small clusters, mostly on current
season’s growth and occasionally on old wood.
• Cherimoya and atemoya flowers are fragrant and are
solitary or in groups of two or three on short, hairy stalks.
The flowers are multi- staminate and multi-pistilate .
• New flowers continue to appear towards the apex of the
shoot as flowers produced earlier at the basal portions
mature.
• Annona species generally require 27–35 days for flower
development.

12. • •ANTHESIS- 5:30 am to 8:30 am
• •DEHISCENCE-Anther dehiscence through out
the day except annona glabra (4 -5am) &
while other species are in mid day (12-14
hour).
• •Pollen viable -50-80 % in different species
• •Stigma recepticle- A day before opening of
flower to about 2 -3 hours after anthesis.

14. MORPHOLOGY
• Calyx: sepal 3, gamosepalous
• Corolla: Petal 3, polypetalous
• Androecium: Stamen numerous
• Gynoecium: ovary superior
• Fruit: Etaerio of berries

15. POLLINATION
HERMOPHRODITE FLOWER
↓
EMSCULATION
↓
POLLEN FROM DESIRED PARENT IS APPLIED TO THE FEMALE PART USING A SOFT HAIR BRUSH.
↓
THEN FLOWER SHOULD COVER WITH CELLOPHONE BAG AFTER POLLINATION.
↓
FRUIT SET
( HAND POLLINATION RANGE FROM 44-60%)

16. varieties
• Balanagar
• Barbados seedling
• British guinea
• Mahaboobnagar
• Wishington
HYBRIDS-
arka sahan-low seeded fruit
african pride

17. BREEDING OBJECTIVE
• High quality fruits combined with early
maturity
• Prolific bearing
• Resistance to mealy bug
• Large fruit size , sweetness and aroma
parameter
• Resistance to fruit rot caused by Glomerella
singulata.
• In subtropics cold tolerant is a main objective

18. REFERENCE--
Google
Fruit breeding :
Approaches and
applications

19. THANK YOU