The document provides information on hazard classification and the hazard communication standard. It discusses the steps in the hazard classification process, including identifying the chemical, relevant hazard data, reviewing the data to determine hazards, and classifying hazards. It explains that hazard classification determines the hazard warnings that are provided on safety data sheets, labels, and training. The classification process provides a consistent way to evaluate hazards and compare hazard severity within and across classes.

1. Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
HEAD, P G & RESEARCH DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY
SHANMUGA INDUSTRIES ARTS & SCIENCE
COLLEGE,
TIRUVANNAMALAI-606603.
UNIT-II: B CONDUCT OF RESEARCH WORK

2. Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

3. UNIT-II B: CONDUCT OF
RESEARCH WORK
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

4. UNIT-II: B CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
WORK
PART B
2017 -2018 / 2020 – 2021 REGULATIONs
PCH 34 A / MCH 34 A / DeCH 34A

5. Welcome
to Hazardous Materials
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

6. What is Hazard Classification?
Hazard classification is the process of evaluating the full range of
available scientific evidence to determine if a chemical is hazardous, as
well as to identify the level of severity of the hazardous effect. When
complete, the evaluation identifies the hazard class(es) and associated
hazard category of the chemical.
The HCS defines hazard class as the nature of a physical or health
hazard, e.g., flammable solid, carcinogen, and acute toxicity. Hazard
category means the division of criteria within each hazard class, e.g.,
acute toxicity and flammable liquids each include four hazard
categories numbered from category 1 through category 4. These
categories compare hazard severity within a hazard class and should
not be taken as a comparison of hazard categories more generally. That
is, a chemical identified as a category 2 in the acute toxicity hazard
class is not necessarily less toxic than a chemical assigned a category 1
of another hazard class. The hierarchy of the categories is only specific
to the hazard class. The hazard classification process provides the basis
for the hazard information that is provided in SDSs, labels, and worker
training.

7. • Without reference determine general principles
of the Hazardous Materials Technician with at
least 80% accuracy.
• Hazardous materials technicians shall be
trained to meet all competencies at the first
responder awareness and operational levels
and the competencies of this chapter.
Hazardous materials technicians also shall
receive any additional training to meet.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

8. The hazard classification process, as provided in the Hazard
Communication Standard, has several steps, including:
Identifying the chemical;
Identifying the relevant data regarding the hazards of a
chemical;
Reviewing the relevant data to ascertain the hazards associated
with the chemical;
Determining whether the chemical will be classified as
hazardous according to the definition of hazardous chemical in
the standard; and
Determining the degree of the hazard, where appropriate, by
comparing the data with the criteria for health and physical
hazards. The HCS provides specific criteria for hazard
classification to ensure that chemical manufacturers, importers,
and other classification experts come to similar conclusions
regarding the hazards of chemicals. The resulting classification is
then used to determine appropriate hazard warnings.

9. Hazardous materials technicians are those persons
who respond to releases or potential releases of
hazardous materials for the purpose of controlling
the release.Hazardous materials technicians are
expected to use specialized chemical protective
clothing and specialized control equipment.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

10. • The goal of this chapter shall be to provide
the hazardous materials technician with the
knowledge and skills to perform the
following tasks safely. Therefore, in addition
to being competent at both the first
responder awareness and operational levels,
the hazardous materials technician shall be
able to:

11. – Analyze
– Plan
– Implement
– Evaluate
• Given scenarios of facility and
transportation hazardous
materials incidents, identify the
principles for analyzing a
hazardous materials incident at
the technician level with at least
80% accuracy.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

12. • Given examples of various hazardous
materials facility and transportation
containers, identify each container by type
and identify at least one material and its
hazard class within 60 minutes IAW DOD
Instruction & DOD Manual 6055.6.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

24. Their Significance in the Risk
Assessment Process
• Describe the following toxicological terms and
exposure values and explain their significance
in the risk assessment process:
– Parts per million (ppm)
– Parts per billion (ppb)
– Lethal dose (LD 50)
– Lethal concentration (LC 50) Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK

27. Threshold limit values (TLV)
These values represent airborne concentrations of substances
to which it is believed that nearly all workers may be
repeatedly exposed by inhalation day after day without
adverse health effects. Because of the wide variation in
individual susceptibility, however, a small percentage of
workers may experience discomfort from some substances at
concentrations below the TLV.
A smaller percentage may experience aggravation of a pre-
existing condition/illness. Age, genetic factors or personal
habits may make some individuals hypersensitive. Physical
factors, e.g. UV, ionizing radiation, humidity, abnormal
atmospheric pressure (altitude), excessive temperatures, or
overtime working may add stress to the body so that effects
from exposure at a TLV may be altered. Therefore best
occupational hygiene practice is to maintain levels of all
airborne contaminants as low as is reasonably practicable.

28. FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC LIQUIDS
• If you can do so without putting yourself at risk,
immediately shut off all potential ignition sources
• If fire occurs, alert everyone present and extinguish all
flames. If the fire cannot be controlled immediately pull the
nearest fire alarm.
• If no flames are evident, pour adsorbent around the
perimeter of the spill and then cover the rest of the material.
Wear an appropriate respirator if toxic vapours are involved.
• Wear gloves resistant to the chemical being handled. Using
a plastic utensil (to avoid creating sparks), scoop up the
absorbed spill, place it in a plastic bag, seal it, and place in a
labeled container.

29. CORROSIVE LIQUIDS
• Alert everyone present. If vapours are being released, clear the
area.
• Do not attempt to wipe up a corrosive liquid unless it is very
dilute.
• Gloves, boots, apron and eye protection must be used when
neutralizing an extensive corrosive spill. Respiratory protection is
required if the liquid releases corrosive vapour or gas.
• Pour the required neutralizing or adsorbing material around the
perimeter of the spill, then carefully add water and more
neutralizing material to the contained area. Carefully agitate to
promote neutralization.
• Use pH paper to verify that all contaminated areas are neutralized
and safe to wipe up.
• If an adsorbent (eg. spill control pillows) is used instead of a
neutralizer, scoop up the absorbed spill, place it in a plastic bag, seal
it, and then place in a labeled box. If neutralized material contains
no toxic heavy metals (e.g. chromium), flush down the drain with
plenty of water

30. CORROSIVE SOLIDS
Small spills can be cleaned up mechanically with a
dustpan and brush. Larger spills should be cleaned up
using a HEPA (high-efficiency articulate) filter vacuum.
For spills containing fine dusts, an air-purifying
respirator with dust filters is recommended, as are
gloves, protective goggles, and a lab coat.
TOXIC SOLIDS
Avoid disturbing such solids (e.g. asbestos), which may
release toxic dusts. Wet the material thoroughly, then
place it in a plastic bag and label it appropriately.
If wet removal is not possible, a vacuum equipped with
a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is
required.

31. GASES
In the event of the release of a corrosive gas (e.g. chlorine) or
gases that are absorbed through the skin (e.g. hydrogen
cyanide), a complete chemical resistant suit and a self-
contained breathing apparatus are required.
There is no practical means of absorbing or neutralizing a gas -
the leak must be corrected at the source.
MERCURY
If a small amount of mercury is spilled (e.g. broken
thermometer), use an aspirator bulb or a mercury sponge to
pick up droplets, place the mercury in a container, cover with
water, seal it, and label the bottle appropriately.
To clean up the residual micro-droplets that may have worked
into cracks and other hard-to-clean areas, sprinkle sulphur
powder or other commercially available product for mercury
decontamination.
Leave the material for several hours and sweep up solid into a
plastic bag, seal it and label it appropriately.

33. UNSTABLE CHEMICALS
Many chemicals, most notably ethers (e.g., THF, dioxane,
diethyl and isopropyl ether), are susceptible to decomposition
resulting in explosive products.
Ethers, liquid paraffins, and olefins form peroxides on exposure
to air and light. Since most of these products have been packaged
in an air atmosphere, peroxides can form even if the containers
have not been opened.
• Discard unopened containers of ethers after one year
•Discard containers of ethers within six months of opening
• Never handle ethers beyond their expiry dates; contact your
local waste disposal coordinator to arrange to have the material
stabilised and removed The following are common examples of
compounds prone to peroxide formation:
• Cyclohexene
• Dicyclopentadiene
• Diethyl ether (ether)
• Dimethyl ether • Dioxane • Isopropyl ether • Tetrahydrofuran

35. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire extinguishers are rated as A, B, C or D (or combinations of
A, B, C and D) for use against the different classes of fires.
Familiarize yourself with the fire class ratings of the
extinguishers in your work area so that you will know what
types of fire you can attempt to extinguish with them. Learn
how to use the extinguisher in your lab, as there will be no
time to read instructions during an emergency. Attempt to
fight small fires only, and only if there is an escape route
behind you.
Remember to have the extinguisher recharged after every use.
If you do fight a fire, remember the acronym "PASS" when
using the extinguisher:
• P: Pull and twist the locking pin to break the seal.
• A: Aim low, and point the nozzle at the base of the fire.
• S: Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
• S: Sweep from side to side until the fire is out.
• Be prepared to repeat the process if the fire breaks out
again

39.  Road – kept in the cab of a motor
vehicle
 Rail – kept in possession of a crew
member
 Aviation – kept in possession of the
pilot or aircraft employees
 Marine – kept in a holder on the bridge
of a vessel

40. Information provided:
• 4-digit identification number, UN or
NA (go to yellow pages)
• Proper shipping name (go to blue
pages)
• Hazard class or division number of
material
• Packing group • Emergency response
telephone number
• Information describing the hazards of
the material (entered on or attached
to the shipping paper)

41. • Cryogenic liquid tank cars
– Type Material / Hazard Class Capacity &
Markings Design / Construction Closures
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK