Mackinders heartlands bypass failure afghanistan and pakistan and us future wars Mackinders Heartlands Bypass Failure-Afghanistan and Pakistan and US Future Wars 31 MAY 2015 The central idea of this brief book is that Afghanistan contrary to common perception is not a US failure. On the contrary Afghanistan is a very crucial US strategic move towards what Mackinder defined in 1904 , and most significantly a US potential move that can threaten the soft under belly of both China and Russia. The hard part of this discussion is that US decision makers must understand this fact. Ukraine can never be won by USA because it is too close to the Russian heartland and Russia knows Ukraine too well. Afghanistan and Pakistan are two places where Russia and China can be brought to certain grief. Pakistan and Afghanistan are both multi ethnic states and can be manipulated by the US .Not Ukraine by any definition ! Present situation is that China seeks to step in the so called that it sees in Af Pak . Chinese decision makers assess that China can manipulate and control both Afghanistan and Pakistan using soft power. Various indicators show that Chinese are capable of transforming Pakistan into a Chinese autonomous republic by 2030 or 2040.This would mean a much needed successful bypass surgery for a China that cannot face US might if it continues to rely on its existing maritime infra-structure. Product details • Paperback: 44 pages • Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (May 31, 2015) • Language: English • ISBN-10: 1514134829 • ISBN-13: 978-1514134825 • Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.1 x 9 inches • Shipping Weight: 4.2 ounces