The liquid phase of matter has no definite shape but it has a definite volume. Liquids have no definite shape because the particles in a liquid are able to change position.

1. An Introduction To
SuperFluid
By: Hossein Rahmani
(rahmanihossain85@yahoo.com)

2. A liquid with zero
viscosity???????!!!!!!!!!

3. A SUBSTANCE WITH LIQUID STATE NEAR
ABSOLUTE ZERO TEMPERATURE????!!!!

4. CHALLENGING
GRAVITY!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5. PHASES OF
MATTER

6. SOLIDS
THE SOLID PHASE OF MATTER HAS A DEFINITE SHAPE AND
VOLUME. THE PARTICLES IN A SOLID ARE TIGHTLY PACKED
TOGETHER AND CANNOT CHANGE POSITION EASILY, THEY
ONLY VIBRATE.

7. EXAMPLES OF SOLIDS
• ROCK
• WINDOW
• DESK
• APPLE
• PEN

8. LIQUID
THE LIQUID PHASE OF MATTER HAS NO DEFINITE SHAPE
BUT IT HAS A DEFINITE VOLUME. LIQUIDS HAVE NO
DEFINITE SHAPE BECAUSE THE PARTICLES IN A LIQUID ARE
ABLE TO CHANGE POSITION AND SLIDE PAST ONE
ANOTHER.

9. EXAMPLES OF
LIQUIDS• WATER
• DISH SOAP
• BUBBLE SOLUTION
• LAUNDRY DETERGENT
• MERCURY

10. GAS
THE GAS PHASE OF MATTER HAS NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR
VOLUME. THE PARTICLES IN A GAS ARE ALWAYS IN
MOTION AND THEY CAN MOVE FREELY TO ALL PARTS OF A
CONTAINER.

11. EXAMPLES OF GASES
• AIR
• OXYGEN
• NEON
• RADON

12. PLASMA
THE PLASMA PHASE OF MATTER IS SIMILAR TO THE GAS
PHASE BUT EXISTS IN ONLY VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES
AND PRESSURES AND IS VERY RARE.

13. EXAMPLES OF PLASMA
• AURORAS
• LIGHTNING
• STARS

14. BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
PHASE
A BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE IS A GASEOUS SUPER-
FLUID PHASE FORMED BY PARTICLES COOLED TO VERY
LOW TEMPERATURES VERY NEAR TO ABSOLUTE ZERO.

15. BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE PHASE
SUPERCONDUCTORS SUPERFLUIDS
Normal
Liquid,
(He I)
Superfluid (He II)
Solid

16. LAMBDA POINT?

17. CLASSIC MECHANIC QUANTUM MECHANIC
vs

18. DEFINITION OF THE SUPERFLUID STATE
AS PER WIKIPEDIA:
'SUPERFLUID' IS A STATE OF MATTER IN WHICH
THE MATTER BEHAVES LIKE A FLUID WITHOUT
VISCOSITY AND WITH EXTREMELY HIGH
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY.

19. Helium

20. Gearbox modeling

21. Features:
1.Flow without viscosity
2.Rising up the sides of its
containers
3.With zero entropy
4.With high conductivity
5.Fountain effect

22. ATTRIBUTES OF THE SUPERFLUID STATE

23. VISCOSITY
follow the movement of their neighbors

24. ENTROPY / HEAT CAPACITY
IN A SUPERFLUID STATE, THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS ARE MAGNETICALLY CHAINED
TO EACH OTHER, AS A CONSEQUENCE OF WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL ATOMS CAN
NO LONGER MOVE INDEPENDENT FROM EACH OTHER. THEREFORE THE HEAT
CAPACITY OF THE SUPERFLUID FRACTION DROPS.

25. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY / STILL BOILING
• MAGNETIC COUPLING
• SECOND SOUND
• NO TEMPERATURE GRADIENT

26. ESCAPE THROUGH PORES IN A CONTAINER
• NOT GET THE OPPORTUNITY TO GET STUCK
• CONTINUES VIBRATIONS
• FOLLOW THE LEADERS

27. VORTEX LINES / RINGS
• BEHAVE LIKE A SINGLE OBJECT
• CORIOLIS EFFECT
• ENERGY IS EXPRESSED AS STATIC WAVES

28. Application:
1.Orientation of the spacecraft
2.Earthquake prediction
3.Measuring the exact velocity of Earth's
rotation

29. Evacuated
Barriers
Nitrogen
Air
Protective
Barrier
Helium

30. THE END