1. The English in North America By: Tommy Marinelli Professor Arguello History 140

2. American Colonies 6: Virginia English leaders had successfully colonized Ireland, and were extending their colonial conquers across the Atlantic. The region of Virginia was discovered, and named after Queen Elizabeth I, in honor of her virginity. From 1580 to 1620, the entire Mid-Atlantic coast from Florida to Acadia was named “Virginia” Tobacco was discovered to be a profitable crop in 1616. Colonists began to form tobacco plantations.

3. American Colonies 6: Virginia Emigrants that paid their own passage were allotted 50 acres of tobacco plantation each. Promoters of the colonies were known as “West Country Men” The promoters planned to send peasants of England to work overseas. These peasants would help to reestablish England’s quickly declining economic status. The wealth and power of England sat with the monarch, aristocrat, and gentry.

4. American Colonies 6: Virginia Chief Powhatan was the ruler of the Algonquian tribes in the 1600s. He was known for hosting massive celebrations on a regular basis to maintain a sense of unity within the tribes. He organized annual hunts to keep the tribes peaceful and eliminate inner-tribal competition. Powhatan did not interfere with conquered tribes; which had their own chiefs.

5. American Colonies 6: Virginia In the Algonquian tribes, women were the agricultural laborers and did much of the labor intensive work. The English had very different gender roles assigned within their communities. The English thought themselves to be racially and culturally superior to the Indians. The felt the Indians were not as intelligent.

6. American Colonies 12: Middle Colonies In the early 17th century, the mid-Atlantic coast had extremely fertile grounds, ideal for farming and cultivating crops. King Charles II was hoping to expand England’s power into America, and expand his empire. The Dutch were England’s greatest competitors and biggest threat. Eventually, the proprietary colonies were converted into royal colonies.

7. American Colonies 12: Middle Colonies In the Dutch Empire, Amsterdam was the center of everything Shipping, banking, insurance, printing, textile manufacturing, and so on. The Dutch had the greatest wealth, and threatened England economically. The Dutch also had the highest standard of living. The Dutch colonies that were settled along the Hudson river were targeted by the French and the English.

8. American Colonies 12: Middle Colonies The Navigation Acts had three major principles. Only the English ships could trade with the English Colonies. European goods shipped to the colonies had to be shipped through England. All of the commodities produced in the colonies had to be shipped back to England, and no one else. The enforcement of these acts lead to a great expansion of England’s overseas commerce.

9. American Colonies 12: Middle Colonies After conquering New Netherland, the English finally took over the Dutch alliance. The English also took over the trade with the Iroquois Five Nations. The covenant chain was formed by the English and the Iroquois tribes in order to conquer the Algonquian tribes and defend the frontier against the French. The Iroquois were eventually taken over by the French soldiers and Canadian militia. The covenant wasn’t honored by the New Yorkers.