Valerie Naidoo at Sustainability Conference 2015, NCPC

1. Water Sector Overview
Moving towards a Water Sensitive Society
Valerie Naidoo
Water Research Commission
NCPC / DTi Industrial Efficiency Conference
ICC Durban 2015
22nd July 2015

2. Drivers
Population
Growth
• Coverage (water, energy, food)
Industrialization
/Development
• Consumption of resources
• Improved wealth
• Deterioration of environment
Urbanization
• Densification
• To centralize or decentralize?
• New solutions
Limitation on
Natural
resources
• Water (quantity and quality)
• Food
• Energy
Changes to
natural
environment
• Droughts
• Floods
• Shortages
• Scarcity
• Temperature changes

3. United Nations (Dept of Economic and Social Affairs) : World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision
Urban Population (% and agglomerations by size class) –
2011 Highest Urbanizing countries in the world (7/10 are in
Africa)

4. Climate Change is being taken seriously in
SA unlike ………
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Predictions : Drier western half of the country and
wetter more variable weather in the eastern half
POLICY
IMPLEMENTATION

5. 5

6. CURRENT CONTEXT
Water In SA
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7. Legislative Environment
Legislation
o Water Act
o Common resource to
all
o No ownership but right
to use
o Unity of water cycle
and interdependence
of its elements
o Water Services Act
o Mandated to Local
Government
Principles
1. Achieve equitable access for all
2. Achieve sustainable use (ie
some for all, forever)
3. Achieve efficient and effective
use (i.e. optimum social and
economic benefits)
4. Priority to basic human needs
and ecological sustainability
(ecological reserve)
5. Water is viewed first as a
common good
6. Water is also viewed as an
economic good
Broad spectrum of actors in water management: DWS ; Waterboards;
Local government (WSI), CMA’s

8. Physical Environment
Mean Annual Precipitation (460 – 495 mm)

9. RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION

10. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION RAINFALL

11. EVAPORATION RATES mm/annum

12. Management Environment: Dams and
Interbasin Transfers
DWA, 2004
South Africa has 794 large dams which can store up to 32 billion
m3/annum

13. Energy Intensive System Models

14. Planning Environment :Water Quantity
14
 WR2005 = 49 000 Mm3
(surface water)
 98% allocated (77%)
 Groundwater = 10 000 Mm3
 (or 7 500 Mm3 under
drought conditions) (9%)
 Indirect Reuse = 30 to 60%
return flows (14%)
WR2012

15. Water Use in SA
15
DWS Water Sector Overview Report, 2013

16. Planning Environment : Supply vs Demand
16

17. 2015-08-24 17
Based on rising population, economic growth projections, scarcity of resources as
well as current use and efficiency levels, South Africa will demand 17 percent
more water than exists by 2030.
The net deficit between supply and demand could grow to between 2.7—3.8
billion m3
Summary of water quality issues by geographical area in South Africa
(Source: CSIR 2010)
So what do we know!

18. Global Risk Assessment (WEF)…..900
leaders
18

19. The Mix (Supply Side)
Water Supply
Settlements
Surface Groundwater
Stormwater
Rainwater
Wastewater
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Aquifer recharge
Minewater
Seawater
greywater
Transfers

20. Cost vs Value of Water

21. Urban water management transition states (Brown
et al., 2009) (Developed World)
Socio-political

22. Framework for Water Sensitive Settlements in RSA, “Two histories,
one future” (Developing World)
Socio-political and economic reality
Armitage et al, 2014 – adapted from Brown

23. Research
City/village/town/settlement
Surface water
Rainwater
Stormwater
Groundwater
Brackish water
Sea water
Wastewater
Greywater
Mine water
The water balance
streamflows
Ecological infrastructure
Built infrastructure
Models
Trans-disciplinary approach
Level of Certainty
Scenarios
Technologies
Demonstrations
Impact analysis
Reduced island heat effect
Storage
Fit for purpose
Source and yield
Technologies
Setting correct water quality objectives

24. Sustainable Urban Drainage in Cities

25. Sustainable Urban Drainage in Cities

26. Sustainable Urban Drainage in Cities

27. Sustainable Urban Drainage in Cities

28. 9 South African
Cities
 End use modelling
 Data - Property and
HH data ; Local area
specific climate date
 Looked at RWH,
GWH, WED, on site
leakage reduction ;
Water demand
variations
 % water savings of
50% - with
combinations
24-Aug-15 File name 28
14.0 15.1
19.1
15.4 14.7
17.2 16.1
20.9
15.5
25.8
29.8
26.0
16.2
28.7 28.6
23.9 25.0 25.9
47.2
50.4
51.6 51.2 51.4
50.1 49.6 50.8
47.6
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
%watersaved
RWH GWH Combinations

29. 24-Aug-15 File name 29
integration
(from WRC Project ; K5/2

30. A Water Wise Society – “enlightened”
The Water Sector 2025 – Institutional Landscape – WRC TT514-11

31. With any crisis comes opportunities for
innovation and change.
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32. Thank
You