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Unpleasant symptoms theoryThe role of the nurse provider is to analyze the symptoms of
the patients. The theory of unpleasant symptoms posits that symptoms include four
dimensions: time, intensity, quality, and distress. Each of these dimensions can be
measured. Influencing factors, including physiological, psychological, and situational, can
affect the experience of symptoms. Furthermore, the symptoms themselves can affect
performance outcomes, such as attention-seeking behaviors or quality of life. (Lenz, E. R., &
Pugh, L. C., 2018)The theory of unpleasant symptoms divides the patient’s symptoms into
those that are unpleasant and those that are not. It proposes that the emotional reaction of
individuals to a physical injury or illness is influenced by the way in which they interpret
the environment (Blakeman, 2019). Therefore, the unpleasant symptoms model should be
used during patient assessment because it provides the patient’s symptoms in a holistic
way. Therefore, the condition of the patient can be easily identified.Unpleasant symptoms
mainly include mental anguish or physical discomfort. Symptoms always range from mild to
severe and should always be documented in detail. The theory focuses primarily on the
patient’s symptoms and defines them based on how the patient reports. The symptoms
experienced by the patient are always perceived as indicators of change in her state of
health, and may differ according to intensity, quality of time and suffering (Gomes et al.,
2019).It is also necessary to evaluate and document the various contributing factors, such
as pre-existing medical conditions or lifestyle choices, as well as other elements that could
affect symptoms, including; culture, age and gender. The consequences of the symptoms
must also be identified.Other symptoms that may not be uncomfortable should also be
addressed. Some examples include; changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and energy levels. It
is also vital to take note of any other abnormal behavior that may indicate lifestyle habits
and other underlying issues contributing to the patient’s condition (Blakeman, 2019). The
symptom can cause changes in functional and cognitive responses.There is a need to
identify any signs of improvement over time. It can play a role in determining the
effectiveness of the treatment plan. Through this, healthcare providers can understand the
need to change the treatment plan if it is not effective.ReferencesLenz, E. R., & Pugh, L. C.
(2018). The theory of unpleasant symptoms. In M. J. Smith & P. R. Liehr (Eds.), Middle range
theory for nursing (4th ed.). New York, NY: Springer.Blakeman, J. R. (2019). An integrative
review of the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(5), 946–
961. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13906Gomes, G. L. L., Oliveira, F. M. R. L. de, Barbosa, K. T.
F., Medeiros, A. C. T. de, Fernandes, M. das G. M., & Nóbrega, M. M. L. da. (2019). THEORY OF

2. UNPLEASANT SYMPTOMS: CRITICAL ANALYSIS. Texto & Contexto – Enfermagem, 28.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0222