IRF Organic Farming Technology : Adoption of a “Comprehensive Organic Package of Practice” towards successful accomplishment of both Ecological and Economical Sustainability

1. Adoption of a “Comprehensive Organic Package of Practice”
towards successful accomplishment of both Ecological and
Economical Sustainability
A case Study
at
West Jalinga Tea Estate
Largest Certified Organic Tea Estate
For the last 10 years
The same Package of Practice has been also documented as the Most Effective
Organic Packages of Practices in FAO-CFC-TBI Project at Maud Tea Estate,
Leading to The Only CO2 Neutral Tea Estate

2. Jalinga –Kargil block–Organic
from the beginning
Jalinga T. E. – The Silent Revolution /1
A Silent Revolution in the history of Indian Agriculture, more specially Indian
Organic Agriculture. When organic agriculture in tea was only considered for higher
revenue generation or meeting the export criteria, a journey started in about 60
hectares area in Jalinga Tea Estate, Barak Valley, Assam; of K. Manibhai & Co. to
experience the truth behind Rational farming®
Technology of Inhana Biosciences- a
research Organization. P. Das Biswas, the founder of the organization first time gave
two new concepts –
(1) Organic farming is the scientific approach
of agriculture and not the chemical
farming.
(2) True organic farming is both ecologically
and economically sustainable right from
the beginning of the inception.
Plucking underway in West
Jalinga T. E.
The first years experience of Rational
Farming® was so stimulating yet difficult
to conceive in a garden which has received all
kinds of so called modern chemicals and
fertilizers. K. Manibhai was forced to take the
entire 650 ha of plantation of Jalinga Tea
Estate in the very next year by the
performance of Rational Farming®
Technology but it was always an enjoyable
journey.

3. Central Compost in West Jalinga T.E.
Jalinga teas are called Naturorganic because these teas are most closed to nature
and truly organic. The garden was confirmed as Best Bio-Diversified garden by
the Department of Ecology and and Environmental Science, Assam University.
Finally, there was no crop loss, no increase in the cost of production.
K. Manibhai is committed to
give its authenticated pure
tea at the most economical
price to Indian citizens. The
teas have been found to
have higher polyphenol and
flavanoid status. So more
healthy tea without any side
effects and with no extra cost. Is
it an exaggeration to call
this journey
Jalinga T. E. – The Silent Revolution /2
A Silent
revolution ?
Jalinga Tea Estate is the largest organic tea estate both in production ( one
million annually) and size. Then the history one after another. The teas
were detected free from the pesticide residues in Indian standard.
Then it was also found to be most pure tea by Garman lab.

4. Organic Tea Production Under Inhana Rational Farming® (IRF) for Last 10 Years
-- Effectivity is Proved Again & Again
SIGNIFICANT
ACHIEVEMENT
Yield Sustainability at a
Far Lower Economics
than the Annual Budget
under Chemical
Cultivation.
Establishment of Natures’ Equilibrium is reflected by the Better Soil Quality & Very Low
Pest & Disease Incidence in the Estate as compared to the surrounding gardens.
IRF is being successfully implemented in one of the Largest Certified Organic
Tea Garden viz. W. Jalinga T.E.’s for the last ten years.

5. When even 10% chemical fertilizer reduction is a threat towards crop and economic
sustainability, expense on fertilizer and pesticide could be reduced by 58% and 71%
respectively even in the very first year under Rational Farming Technology.
Crop rise of 16.6% over the average, was also obtained in the very first year.
Today after 10 years of IRF, crop production is higher than earlier average (i.e. under
chemical farming), even after application of <1/3rd of the total compost requirement.
Av.Expences
1996-2001
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Under Chemical farming
Organic conversion under RFT
ExpenseonFertilizer(Rs.inlac)->
Av. expense on fertilizer (16.03 lac)
Reduction in Expense
on Fertilizer during
Organic Conversion
Reduction in Expense
on Pesticides during
Organic Conversion
Reduction in Expense
on Weedicides during
Organic Conversion
Chemical Reduction during Organic Conversion under
Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) in West Jalinga T.E.

6. F ig u r e : A v e r a g e m a d e te a p r o d u c tio n u n d e r c h e m ic a l fa r m in g (1 9 9 6 - 2 0 0 1 ) a n d u n d e r
In h a n a R a tio n a l F a r m in g (2 0 0 2 – 2 0 1 2 ) in W . J a lin g a T e a E sta te .
Average crop production in West Jalinga tea estate
under Inhana Rational Farming (average 9.00 lac
kg/year) is higher than the yield obtained under
chemical farming (average 8.83 lac kg/year).
ENSURED HIGH QUALITY TEAS
Total Polyphenols (mg/g)
112.99
105.9
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
Jalinga Other Assam
mg/g--->
It was effectively demonstrated that
under true organic practice, quality
of end product enhanced w.r.t. their
chemical counter parts.
ENSURED CROP SUSTAINABILITY

7. Pesticide residue free end products conferms the ultimate purity of
end products under Rational Farming at Jalinga Tea Estate
Regular analysis for
pestiside residue in
National and
International
laboratory

8. QUALITATIVE ENHANCEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF
WEST JALINGA TEA ESTATE
Soil Organic Carbon in Jalinga &
Conventional T.E
1.04
1.42
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Jalinga T.E Conventional T. E.
percent(%)--->
Bulk Density of Soil in Jalinga &
Conventional T.E
1.27
1.48
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
Jalinga T.E Conventional T. E.
gcm-3--->
Soil Nitrate in Jalinga &
Conventional T.E
3.6
1.8
0
1
2
3
4
Jalinga T.E Conventional T. E.
ppm--->
Microbial status in Jalinga &
Conventinal T.E
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Bacterial Density Fungal Density Actinomycetes
Density
No./gmoistsoil--->
Jalinga T. E. Conventional T. E.
‘Ecological Monitoring Study’ done by Dept. of Ecology and Environ. Science,
Assam Univ. in the year 2004 clearly showed positive changes in soil quality within
a period of 3 years following adoption of a Sustainable Management Practice (IRF)
and gradual reduction of Chemical Load.
Soil Quality
Components

9. SUSTAINABILITY INDEX : Progressive Development of Soil Microbial
Population with adoption of a Sustainable
Package of Practice at West Jalinga Tea Estate
Study reveals that adoption of an Effective Soil Management Programme under
Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) for last 10 years has led to significant increase in the
soil microbial population. These being the main driving force behind an efficient soil-
plant-nutrient dynamics enable sustained crop productivity even at only 1/3rd
application rate of Novcom compost.

10. Water Ecosystem Enhancement
0
2
4
6
8
10
(ppm)--->
Dissolved Oxygen Nitrate
T.E under RFT Conventional T.E
Macro-invertebrate Diversity
Estimate
0
5
10
15
20
25
Speciesrichness
index
Shannon Wiener
index
Rapid biological
protocol
T.E under RFT Conventional T.E
Physico-chemical characteristics
// Adoption of Ratioal Farming
Technology helps to enhance
Ecological Sustainability // 0
10
20
30
40
50
Number--->
Species Genera Families
T.E under RFT Conventional T.E
Species
richness is
64% higher in
T.E under
RFT*
63% more
genera is
observed in
T.E under
RFT
Family
diversity is
13% higher in
T.E under
RFT

11. Achievement of being 1st
carbon negative tea estates
was the ultimate
recognition of adopting a
sustainable organic tea
cultivation methodology
for the last 12 years
…………..
West Jalinga Tea Estate:
World’s first Carbon Nega-
tive Tea Estate
- Recognition of its Truly
Scientific Organic Practice

12. How W. Jalinga T.E. Achieved CO2 Neutral ?/ 1
1. 100 % usage of on-farm compost
produced under Novcom Method.
2. Compost production solely through
use of on-farm available green
matter and pruning litter.
3. Adoption of management practices
to enhance soil microbial activity.
4. Mulching operation to conserve soil
moisture & to restrict nutrient loss
from applied compost.
5. In-situ composting of mulches by
Inhana MS sol. to extract maximum
benefits from mulch materials.
Sustainability in Organic Soil
Management under Inhana Rational
Farming Technology…
For last 10 years, on an average
2200 ton of Novcom compost is
being produced on-farm per year for
organic soil management.
On-farm Novcom composting not
only ensures high quality, but
reduces the soil management cost
significantly.

13. How W. Jalinga T. E. Achieved CO2 Neutral ?/ 3
Sustained Crop even after applying Compost @ 1/3rd
of Actual
Requirement…
Novcom Composting Method enabled production of Quality Compost
with very high population of Self- Generated Microbes, which create a
favourable environment in soil for rapid rejuvenation of the native
microflora population leading to very effective soil-plant relationship.
Results from FAO-CFC-
TBI Project confirmed
microbial population
within Novcom
compost is at least
1000 to 10,000 times
higher than all other
compost prepared
under different
composting methods.
FACT
86% Lower N application under Organic
for last 10 years as compared to that
used to be applied in the garden under
Conventional System.
Still………….
1.Significant improvement of Soil
Organic Carbon Stock due to
enhanced carbon sequestration.
2.Positive N Balance Sheet of Soil is
substantiated by horizon wise analysis
up to the root zone.

14. 12.8 : 1b
C/N ratio16.
1.14a
Total potassium (%)15.
0.72ab
Total phosphorus (%)14.
2.19a
Total nitrogen (%)13.
Fertility Parameters
9.56a
Sorption capacity index12.
1.78c
CMI2
11.
267.07a
CEC (cmol(p+)kg-1
)10.
27.94a
Organic carbon (%)9.
50.29a
Total Volatile Solids (%)8.
49.71c
Total Ash Content (%)7.
2.21a
EC (1 :5) dS/m6.
7.61apHwater
(1 : 5)5.
Physicochemical Parameters
206.36a
WHC1
(%)4.
67.01a
Porosity (%)3.
0.47c
Bulk density (g/cc)2.
56.73a
Moisture percent (%)1.
Physical Parameters
Novcom compost
Analytical Value
ParameterSl.
No
1
WHC : Water holding capacity; 2
CMI : Compost mineralization index; 3
Duncan test (p < 0.05)
Quality Evaluation of Novcom Compost As per 32 different Parameters
1.28a
Germination index (phytotoxicity bioassay)32.
114.16a
Root elongation (% of control)31.
111.72a
Seedling emergence (% of control)30.
0.22b
Nitrification Index29.
0.102aNO3
-
- Nitrogen (%)28.
0.023bNH4
+
- Nitrogen (%)27.
Maturity & Phytotoxicity Parameters
2.16aCO2
evolution rate (mgCO2
–C/g OM/day)26.
Stability Parameters
1.24a
MBC4
(%)25.
17.15a
Total actinomycetes3
count24.
17.32a
Total fungal count3
23.
17.81a
Total bacterial count3
22.
Microbial Parameters (per gm moist soil)
0.014a
Humification ratio21.
5.29b
Organic C/N ratio20.
0.074a
Water soluble organic N (%)19.
0.125a
Water soluble inorganic N(%)18.
0.390a
Water soluble carbon (%)17.
Ready Nutrient Supplying Potential
Novcom compost
Analytical Value
ParameterSl.
No.

15. Organic With a Difference
1. 100 % on-farm compost production using Novcom composting method.
2. Novcom compost was applied at only 1/3rd
of actual requirement [ about
60 kg N to sustain 1500 kg yield considering 4% N requirement per kg
made tea].
3. 18 to 20 kg N was supplied through compost application, while rest was
supported from rejuvenated soil system – As periodical study reported no
mining of nutrient.
4. Development of Plant Physiological Efficiency through Energy
Management by Inhana Rational Farming enabled better Nutrient Uptake
& Utilization capacity/Agronomic Efficiency.

16. Soil Resource Map to understand the Problems and Potentials of the
Tea Estate for Customized and Effective Management Guideline.
W. Jalinga T.E. took the
opportunity of utilizing the Soil
Analysis base for development of
Resource Maps devised by Inhana
Biosciences as early as 2008. The
objectivity was to enable effective
management of the plantation
through adoption of a Customized
Soil & Plant Mgt. Protocol.
Thematic Resource Mapping on
periodical basis and correlation of
soil quality, sectional potential
and management options helped
to achieve Economical
Sustainability in W. Jalinga T.E..
How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ?/ 3

17. How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ? / 4
Duration of
Biodegradation
period (21 days)
Implication : Lesser the biodegradation time period, minimum the
CO2
and NH3
emission potential
Stability of final
compost
Implication :
Higher the stability, lesser carbon breakdown potential post soil
application. Higher stability is associated with higher humification
rate means higher carbon retention in soil reserve for longer time
period.
Higher N
appreciation in final
product (212 % N
Appreciation in
Novcom Compost)
Implication :
Loss of N as NH3
or leaching to the groundwater is minimum which
minimize both environmental pollution and application requirement.
Higher atmospheric N fixation by autotrophic bacteria save energy
that whould have required to produce N-fertilizer as well as intake
CO2
for their respiration.
Higher self generated
autotrophic micro-
organisms in final
Novcom compost (1000
to 10000 times higher
than other compost)
Implication :
Higher atmospheric N fixation in soil as indicated from positive
nutrient balance sheet of soil after long term cultivation without
substituting the required N harvested each year.
Maintain soil-plant nutrient equilibrium resulted in higher agronomic
efficiency leading to higher production/kg N application → System
sustenance with less N application.
Quality of On-Farm Composting Method – Impact on GHG
Emission, C-retention and C-cycle.
On-FarmNovcomCompost
(Sourced from Inhana Publication)

18. How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ? / 5

19. Total N uptake and supply statistics during
2002 – 2006 showed that 68.49 ton N was
supplied through compost against crop
uptake of 107.32 ton. The N short fall was
about 36.18 %.
The general interpretation is the that the
amount of N shortfall is actually mining
from soil N –reserve.
The comparative
Nitrogen reserve
shows that it has
increased from
an average 1083
ton of previous
chemical farming
period (1996 –
2001) to 1625
ton under
organic farming
(2002 – 2007)
which is about
50 % higher
The only way to explain the
N Balance Sheet
But actual picture tells differently
N uptake by tea plantation during (2002 – 2007) in W.Jalinga T. E
N supplied through NOVCOM compost during same time.
Gap in N uptake and N supply
N dynamics in tea plantation during (2002 – 2007) ----- >
N uptake by tea plantation during (2002 – 2007) in W.Jalinga T. E
N supplied through NOVCOM compost during same time.
Gap in N uptake and N supply
N dynamics in tea plantation during (2002 – 2007) ----- >
N supply through NOVCOM compost
N fixed in soil due to enhanced autrotropism triggered
by application of NOVCOM compost
N uptake by tea plantation
Increase in soil N storage during 2002 to 2007
Total N storage in surface soils (ton) --- >
N supply through NOVCOM compost
N fixed in soil due to enhanced autrotropism triggered
by application of NOVCOM compost
N uptake by tea plantation
Increase in soil N storage during 2002 to 2007
Total N storage in surface soils (ton) --- >
Average N reserve in surface soils of
W.Jalinga T.E. during chemical farming
(1996 – 2001)
Average N reserve in surface soils of W.
Jalinga T.E. after organic cultivation through
RFT (2002 – 2007)
(1996 – 2001) (2002 – 2007)
AverageNreserve(ton)--->
Average N reserve in surface soils of
W.Jalinga T.E. during chemical farming
(1996 – 2001)
Average N reserve in surface soils of W.
Jalinga T.E. after organic cultivation through
RFT (2002 – 2007)
(1996 – 2001) (2002 – 2007)
AverageNreserve(ton)--->
N budgeting : Falsifying the input based application theory
How W. Jalinga T.E. Achieved CO2 Neutral ?/ 6

20. How W. Jalinga T.E. Achieved CO2 Neutral ?/ 7
Enhancement of Agronomic Efficiency of Plantation (AECN)
Enhancement of Plant Agronomic
Efficiency through Activation of plant
Physiology brought about through
application of Inhana Rational Farming
(IRF) Plant Management Package.
66.58
93.77
14.0012.35
22.68
26.63
51.10
46.52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Agronomic Effeciency Apperent Recovery
Effeciency
Nutrient Use Efficiency ----- >
%Change------>
Biodynamic Farming
Conventional Organic Practice
Microbial Formulation
Inhana Rational Farming
Impact of ‘Plant Management’
on Nutrient Use Efficiency of
Mature Tea under different
Organic Packages of Practice.
Study Reveals ………
FACT
Higher Nutrient Utilization
Efficiency under Organic than Its
earlier conventional practice.
No Micronutrient /Growth Promoter
or hormones used in last 10 years .
No use of lime/dolomite for pH
correction used for last 10 years .
Better Bush Health is reflective in
faster flushing post LP or HRP
operations as well as Lesser number
and shorter Bhanji Periods.

21. How W. Jalinga T.E. Achieved Sustainability ?/ 8
Significant Reduction in Pest/ Disease Occurrences
Activation of Plant Physiology achieved through IRF also ensure
enhancement of Host- Defense Mechanism of plants, which
significantly contributed towards lesser disease infestation and better
opportunity towards effective control of pests and diseases.
Requirement for pest
management gradually came
down post adoption of Inhana
Rational Farming Technology.
At the same time number of
less no of rounds required to
contain pest infestation than
the surrounding conventional
tea estates.
Study Reveals …………FACT
Occurrence of pest infestation has been
significantly lowered as compared to the
earlier conventional practice.
So the case of Disease occurrence, which
has been effectively controlled by Inhana
Management without any use of Copper.
It is a Practical Demonstration of the Philosophy that a Nature
Harnessed System ensures the Equilibrium between
Biotic Potential and Environmental Resistance.
Once having a history of severe
Termite Infestation, its under control
without using A Single Drop of
Termiticide for last 10 years .

22. How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ? / 9
Improvement in Health Index of Working Community
Complete stoppage of toxic chemicals Positively Influenced Human
Health as indicated by lesser number of medical cases.
FACT
An In-house survey confirmed
significant reduction of enteric diseases,
skin infections etc.
Reported cases of Malaria Infection is
practically nil even when a single kg of
DDT has not been used in the labour line
for last 10 years.
Sustainable Management Practice not only Rejuvenates the Plantation
but also influences Human Health Positively
Absenteeism due to Sickness reduced
significantly as compared to chemical era
.
A Happy Working
Community - Greatest Prize
of Sustainable Practice

23. How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ? / 10
Adoption of an Scientific and Comprehensive Package of Practice
Adoption of a package of practice for with the criteria of (i) Safe (ii) Effective,
(iii) Convenient to adopt (iv) Complete in sense of providing solutions for any
problem and (v) Economical is the key towards achieving Sustainability.
Sustainable Management Practice is always Comprehensive in Nature and
Minimize External Requirement
Complete Package of Practice (4 way Approach)
Soil Management Plant Management Pest/Disease Management Weed Management
Application of on-
farm quality compost.
On-Situ Mulching.
Cover crops/ pump
plants
Cow dung/urine
based indigenous
solutions
Application of IRF Plant management solutions to provide
desire energy component as per specific schedule,
recommendation rate and time.
Close monitoring of plant health and customized solution
application..
On-farm preparation and application of different indigenous
solution.
Neem and karanj oil based concoction for pest management
and Inhana solutions for disease management.
Strict adherence tp the
weeding programme.
Mulching & in-situ
composting reduce
weed growth.
Cover crops also
reduce weed
population.
Regular monitoring.

24. How W. Jalinga Achieved CO2 Neutral ? / 11
Enhanced Biodiversity Influences Crop Sustainability
It was practically demonstrated in West Jalinga T.E. that the enhancement
of ecological components helps to minimize pest and disease infestation
towards sustained crop yield
Initiative for Development of
Biodiversity Marker – A tool
for evaluation of management
initiatives and crop response.
- An effort is presently
going on at W. Jalinga Tea
Estate by Inhana Biosciences
FACT
Biodiversity Study was initiated in W. Jalinga
T.E. as early as 2004.
As per report of Dept. of Ecology & Environ.
Science, Assam University, Ecological
components were significantly higher than
surrounding chemical tea estates.
A project was taken by Inhana Biosciences in collaboration with Department of
Ecology and Environmental Science to Develop the BIODIVERSITY MARKER.
Recent study reveals in 10 years, ecological
components (including bird diversity) have
increased significantly in W. Jalinga T.E.

25. Earthworm population and biomass under different land use in
Cacher, Assam
Earthworm Population under different Land Use
6.00
19.50
43.40
54.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Paddy Field
(Conventional)
Chemical Garden
(Borokhai T.E.)
Organic Garden
(W. Jalinga T.E.)
Forest
Land Use -------- >
PopulationDistribution----->
Earthworm Biomass under different Land Use
1.18
5.55
20.27
25.86
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Paddy Field
(Conventional)
Chemical Garden
(Borokhai T.E.)
Organic Garden
(W. Jalinga T.E.)
Forest
Land Use -------- >
EarthwormBiomass(gm)----->
Earthworms perform the final task of humification -- the
conversion of decomposed organic matter to stable humus
colloids -- and mix the humus with material from the lower
soil horizons.
Earthworms perform the final task of humification -- the
conversion of decomposed organic matter to stable humus
colloids -- and mix the humus with material from the lower
soil horizons.

26. Aquatic macro invertebrates Diversity
Water sampling from lotic water system with West Jalinga T.E. a2 a part of ‘Biodiversity Monitoring Study’ jointly
done by Department of Ecology, Assam University and Inhana Biosciences under the guidance of noted Ecologist
Prof. Avik Gupta .
Waters with high SIGNAL site scores are likely to
have high levels of dissolved oxygen with low
levels of salinity, turbidity and nutrients (nitrogen,
phosphorous).
Higher SIGNAL Score indicates better water
quality and habitat conditions
3.55
4.33
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Chemical Garden
(Borokhai T.E.)
Organic Garden (W.
Jalinga T.E.)
Land Use ---------------- >
BioticIndex(SIGNALScore)-----
Higher Palmer Score indicates eutrophication
and anthropogenic disturbance.
It has been observed that samples with low
nutrient (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations have
lower score of pollution indices whereas
samples of higher nutrient concentrations
showed the high level of organic pullution
(Panigrahi et al, 2001, J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 43
(1&2) : 168-172).
0 .0 0
0 .5 0
1 .0 0
1 .5 0
2 .0 0
2 .5 0
3 .0 0
3 .5 0
4 .0 0
4 .5 0
5 .0 0
4.00
2.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Chemical Garden
(Borokhai T.E.)
Organic Garden (W.
Jalinga T.E.)
Land Use ---------------- >
BioticIndex(PALMERScore)-------------->
More
Pollution

27. All these Achievements have come Even After Limited
Implementation of the Recommendations of Inhana
Rational Farming Technology, both in case of soil and
plant management.
When the people are searching for the ‘Pathway for
achieving CO2 Neutral’, West Jalinga T.E. can modestly
take the role of ‘Demonstration Centre’ for exhibiting the
most scientific wayout to achieve the desire goal.

28. K. Manibhai & Co.
21, R.N. Mukherjee Road. 2nd
Floor, Kolkata -700001
Ph : +91-33-2231 2294/2280/2048,
Email : Kmanibhai@gmail.com