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SAUDI ELECTRICAL COMPANY
SAUDI ELECTRICAL COMPANY
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‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺪأت اﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ واﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻴﻞ ﺛﻢ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻄﻮرت ﺣﺘﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ .‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﺮآﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت او أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﺗﺠﻬﺎت واهﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة هﻮ اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫، وآﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺰواﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎهﺮ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﻌﺮات اﻻﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ ، وﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎت‬ ‫واﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎت ﻇﻬﺮت اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮوآﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ هﻨﺎ ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ power set‬ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ .‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث أﺟﺰاء ﺗﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺘﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وهﻰ : -‬ ‫أوﻻ ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ )‪ ( electronc theodolite‬ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻖ ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ً1 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ وﺣﺪة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ )‪( electoronc distance meters EDMS‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل ﻣﻮﺟﺔ إﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل ﻣﻮﺟﻰ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ إﻧﻌﻜﺎس هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎآﺲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﺮة اﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب زﻣﻦ رﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻰ ، وﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ وﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻴﺎس زﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوآﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎز .‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)1(‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦ اﻻن ﺑﺼﺪد ﺷﺮح أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﻬﺎز)‪ (parts of the instrument‬ﺣﻴﺚ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺎن ﻓﺎﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﺟﺰاء آﺜﻴﺮة إذا ﺗﻠﻒ إﺣﺪاهﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ، آﻤﺎ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻧﻮﺿﺢ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﺰاء آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ :-‬ ‫‪1- handle‬‬ ‫١- اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪2- handle securing screw‬‬ ‫٢- ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ رﺑﻂ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪3- instuerment height mark‬‬ ‫٣- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪4- card cover‬‬ ‫٤- ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﻜﺎرت‬ ‫‪5- battey‬‬ ‫٥- اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪6- keyboard‬‬ ‫٦- ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪7- tribrach shiftung clamp‬‬ ‫٧- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪8- base palte‬‬ ‫٨- اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪9- leveling foot screw‬‬ ‫٩- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪10- circular level adjusting screws‬‬ ‫٠١- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪11- circular level‬‬ ‫١١- اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬ ‫‪12- horizontal circle positioning knob cover‬‬ ‫٢١- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪13- display‬‬ ‫٣١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪14- objective lens‬‬ ‫٤١- اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫)2(‬
‫‪15-tubular composs slot‬‬ ‫٥١- ﻣﻜﺎن وﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪16- optical piumment‬‬ ‫٦١- ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪17- optical plummet reticle‬‬ ‫٧١- ﻏﻄﺎء ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪18- optical plummet eyepiece‬‬ ‫٨١- ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪19- horizontal clamp‬‬ ‫٩١- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪20- horizontal fine motion screw‬‬ ‫٠٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺊ‬ ‫‪21- data output connector‬‬ ‫١٢- ﻣﻜﺎن ادﺧﺎل آﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫٢٢- ﻣﻜﺎن آﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ‪22- external power source connector‬‬ ‫‪23-plate level‬‬ ‫٣٢- اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪24- plate level adjusting screw‬‬ ‫٤٢- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪25- vertical clamp‬‬ ‫٥٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪26- vertical fine motion screw‬‬ ‫٦٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪27- telescope eyepice‬‬ ‫٧٢- اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﺎر‬ ‫‪28- telescope focussing ring‬‬ ‫٨٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪29- peep sight‬‬ ‫٩٢- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ‬ ‫‪30- instrument center mark‬‬ ‫٠٣- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫)3(‬
‫- آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﺟﺰاء اﺧﺮى هﻰ : -‬ ‫١- اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻰ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ او ﺧﺸﺒﻰ ذو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ارﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺰودة ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم .‬ ‫٢-اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر زﺟﺎﺟﻰ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وآﻠﻤﺎ زادت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫زاد ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ ، آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻮع اﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ وهﻰ ال )‪ ( sheet‬او اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻗﻰ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻣﺎ ان ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اوﻳﻠﺼﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻰء وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ آﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﺔ .‬ ‫٣- اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫وهﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ آﻠﻤﺎ اﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ اﺧﺮى ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻞ وﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ اآﺒﺮ.‬ ‫٤- اﻟﻜﺎرت‬ ‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ذاآﺮة ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز أﺧﺮ او إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ )‪. ( card reader‬‬ ‫٥-اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ آﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز .‬ ‫)4(‬
‫٦- اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫وهﻰ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ .‬ ‫٧- اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر إﻟﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ .‬ ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻋﺪة هﻰ : -‬ ‫١- ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮق ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ وهﻰ اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﻘﻠﻢ دوآﻮ أو ﻣﺴﻤﺎر او ﺳﻴﺦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ذو ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ وﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫٢- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫٣- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺎر اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ رﺟﻠﻴﻦ وﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫٤- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺴﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻻرض‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫)٥(‬
‫٥- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻻرﺟﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫٦- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺈن آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻧﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫٧- ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ إن اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫وإن آﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎرﻳﻦ وﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ او اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺪوران اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ٠٩ درﺟﺔ وﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫وﻧﻜﺮر هﺬة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺛﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻮق ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ واﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ وهﻨﺎك ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻄﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ.‬ ‫)٦(‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ذآﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﺰود ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮوآﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ وﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وهﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻷول ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪ MEAS-MODE‬واﻷﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ-‪REC‬‬ ‫‪MODE‬‬ ‫أوﻻ :- ‪MEAS-MOD‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﻬﺎ إﺛﻨﻰ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻣﺮ وهﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة وهﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت هﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ هﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ وﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﺗﺘﻜﺮر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺸﺮح هﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﺛﻢ اﻻواﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪DISPLAY SYMBOLS‬‬ ‫-: ‪P.C.mm‬‬ ‫‪prism constant‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ وهﻮ -٠٣ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺒﺮزم اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ وﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ال ‪sheet‬‬ ‫‪PPM‬‬ ‫‪atmospheric correction‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪H.obs‬‬ ‫‪Horizontal angle right‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪H.AL‬‬ ‫‪Horizontal angle left‬‬ ‫‪V .obs‬‬ ‫‪zenith angle‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) ٠٩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻓﻘﻰ (‬ ‫‪V .A‬‬ ‫‪vertical angle‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) ﺻﻔﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ (‬ ‫‪S . dist‬‬ ‫‪Slope distance‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪H . dist‬‬ ‫‪horizontal distance‬‬ ‫) ٧(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪V.dist‬‬ ‫‪height difference‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮق اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ال ٠٩ وﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪numeral input‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻻرﻗﺎم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪alphabet input‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫3‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪ READ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ 1‪ F‬ﻳﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳﺤ ﺴﺐ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫‪H dist = s dist ×cos v angle‬‬ ‫‪V dist = s dist × sin v angle‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2 ‪ F‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫‪M disp‬‬ ‫‪CONFG‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ واﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺪ وهﻰ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫)‪-Horizontal Angle format ( Right / left‬‬ ‫- ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ) ﻣﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ / ﻣﺘﻴﺎﺳﺮ ( وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫) 0 ‪- Vertical angle format ( zenith 0 /Horizontal‬‬ ‫- ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) اﺳﻔﻞ / ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ٠٩(‬ ‫)‪- Distance repeat mode ( Fin /Rapid / Tracking‬‬ ‫- ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ) ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﺪة رﺻﺪات ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ / ﻳﻜﺮر اﻟﻘﺮاءة / ﻳﻜﺮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫آﺒﻴﺮة وهﺬة اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ (‬ ‫)‪- Distance measurement mode ( on / off‬‬ ‫- ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ) ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ / إﻳﻘﺎف (‬ ‫) ٨(‬
‫)‪- Reflector type ( prism / sheet‬‬ ‫- ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ) ﻣﻨﺸﻮر زﺟﺎﺟﻰ / ورﻗﻰ(‬ ‫‪- Reflector constant‬‬ ‫)0 /03- (‬ ‫- ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ) -٠٣ / ٠(‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ confg‬ﻧﺠﺪ اﻣﺮ ‪ optin‬ﻋﻨﺪ 1‪ F‬وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ وهﻰ‬ ‫آﺎﻷﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻰ زآﺮة .‬ ‫‪ REC‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4 ‪ F‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وهﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ وﺳﻴﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ .‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ o set‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ H.obs‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪F‬‬ ‫‪ H.ang‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف وهﻮ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ :- 1203.032‬ ‫‪ Aim‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ذﻟﻚ اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻠﻞ هﺬة اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ Read‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫) ٩(‬
‫‪ Tilt‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺤﺎور اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫)1 (‬ ‫)2 (‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻢ )١( وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻮداء داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻢ )٢( وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻌﻞ ‪ X / Y‬ﺗﺴﺎوى )0 ( .‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪ PPM‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ إﻧﻜﺴﺎر اﻟﺸﻌﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪ REM‬هﻮ اﻣﺮ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻘﻴﺎس ارﺗﻔﺎع هﺪف ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز واﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻗﻴﺎس ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪H =( sin v angle ×s dist ) + targt height‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز آﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫) ٠١(‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اوﻻ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ أرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ‪Height‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2‪ F‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻻﻣﺮ )‪ ( Rem‬ﻓﻨﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ Stop‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ‪height‬‬ ‫‪ MLM‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫) اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ، اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ، اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣﺪاهﻤﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪L3^2 =L1^2+ L2^2-2L1L2COS Ө‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ هﺬة اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ READ‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ MLM‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪REC MODE‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫- ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4‪ ( REC) F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎذا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫- وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ارﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اواﻣﺮ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻬﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻦ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻻول ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اواﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫دارس اﻟﺪورة ﻣﻦ اﺗﻘﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ .‬ ‫- وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫١- ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Func‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫) ١١(‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ Job‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪Enter‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎ ﺷﺔاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪select job‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ NEW‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫-وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﻰ ‪Job‬‬ ‫-وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ S.F‬وﻏﻠﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ Point id‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ٤١ وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب ٤١ ﺣﺮف او رﻗﻢ‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ Record elev‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪yes‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻓﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ no‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﻘﻂ .‬ ‫- ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ surv‬ﻣﻦ 2‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫) ٢١(‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪Topography‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ وهﻰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫‪ Take Reeding‬ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ stn‬اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ‪ BS‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ READ‬ﻣﻦ 1‪F‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻨﻘﻮل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ان اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺬى ﺣﺴﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ هﻮ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎة آﻤﺎ اﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺎرن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ وﻻﺑﺪ ان اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ١ ‪ ، mm‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻬﻴﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﺧﺬ اﻟﺮﺻﺪات‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ cnfg‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ auto no‬وﻧﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬وآﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ هﻮ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﺛﻢ ‪ ENTER‬وﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ view‬ﺛﻢ اﻟﺴﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺛﻢ )‪. F4 ( POS‬‬ ‫)٣١(‬
‫‪Setting Out A line‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ إﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ set out line‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪COGO‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ FROM‬وﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ to pt‬او اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ azimuth‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫)٤١(‬
‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﻰ :-‬ ‫‪OFFSET‬‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣﺘﺪاد ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﺬىﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف واﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫‪LIN INCR‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻜﺮر ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ آﻞ ٥ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻻﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻮﺿﻊ ٥ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪SEGMENTS‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إدﺧﺎل أول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وأﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻌﺪد ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ‪len‬‬ ‫‪ incr‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ .‬ ‫‪LINE LEN‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ هﺬااﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬وﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ‪ DH .O‬ﺛﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ READ‬ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ان ﻳﺘﺤﺮآﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﻟﻸﻣﺎم أواﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫وإذا أردﻧﺎ أن ﺣﻔﻆ اﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (STOR‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬وﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ رﻗﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫وﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ان اﻟﺨﻂ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ 21 و 31‬ ‫وهﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ 21 إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬آﻤﺎ ان هﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ 31 إﻟﻰ ‪B‬‬ ‫)٥١(‬
‫‪SET OUT ARC‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ‪ SET OUT ARC‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫1 – ‪Direction‬‬ ‫وهﻮ اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺳﻮاء ﻳﻤﻴﻦ او ﻳﺴﺎر .‬ ‫2 – ‪From‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫3 – ‪to pt‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫4 –‪centre‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫5 –‪Radius‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻃﻮل ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫6 –‪Angle‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫1 –‪Offset‬‬ ‫إذا اردﻧﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻳﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫2 – ‪len incr‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫3 – ‪chord- arc‬‬ ‫وهﻮ اﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ واﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ وﻳﻘﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ آﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ .‬ ‫)٦١(‬
‫4 – ‪ segments‬ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫5 – ‪set out point at arc len‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ ( STOR) F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﻰ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻧﻜﺘﺐ رﻗﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ pt‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻓﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪offset‬‬ ‫)٧١(‬
‫‪Resection‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ال ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ Resection‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪ stn‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ options‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫1 – ‪number of h sets‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫2 – ‪dist rdgs‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺮﺻﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫3-‪Face order‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻻوﺟﺔ اﻟﺬى ﺳﻮف ﻧﺨﺘﺎرهﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪F1 only‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﻨﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔاﻻﺗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أرﻗﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ resection‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ رﻗﻢ ) ١( وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ read‬ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﺛﻢ رﻗﻢ ) ٢( ﺛﻢ ‪ read‬ﺛﻢ ‪enter‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٨١(‬
‫ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ calculate resection‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫‪INVERSE‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ وذﻟﻚ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ INVERSE‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ from‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪ to pt‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٩١(‬
‫‪CALCULATING AREA‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت أرآﺎﻧﺔ وذﻟﻚ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ area‬وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ أرﻗﺎم إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ او ﻋﻜﺲ اﺗﺠﺎهﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ: -‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ UNITS‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻜﺘﺎر، وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ )3 ‪ ( RANG ) ( F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮﻟﻨﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ :-‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ اول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ اﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ.‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻴﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ان ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ اﻻوﻟﻰ هﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫) ٠٢(‬
‫ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ رﻗﻢ 5 ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎح اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ .‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻰ 6, 5 ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮازى ﻹﺣﺪى ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺒﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫)١٢(‬
‫‪INTERSECTION‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب إﺣﺪاﺛﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫١- ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫٢- ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وأﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ INTERSECTION‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫١- اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ 1‪ A‬و 2‪ A‬واﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ٥٤و ٠٦ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻬﺎ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب وﻟﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ STORE‬وﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪S.O‬‬ ‫٢- اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ 1‪ A‬و 2‪ A‬وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ 3‪F‬‬ ‫آﻠﻤﺔ ‪ OTHER‬ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ إﺣﺪاﺛﻰ أﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻹن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﻌﻄﻰ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒىﺎﻟﺨﻂ .‬ ‫)٢٢(‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Functions‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ هﺬة اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ هﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ووﺣﺪات وﻋﻤﻞ اآﻮاد وﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت وﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ﺷﺮح ﻷهﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻧﻔﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﺬﻩ هﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫١- ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫٢- ‪Configare reading‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻧﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ: -‬ ‫- ‪ - :auto pt num‬ﻳﺒﺪء اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ .‬ ‫- ‪ - : Topo view stored‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻷرﺻﺎد وﻣﻨﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‪ pos‬وهﻰ ‪ 3d‬ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫- 2‪ -: combine f1/f‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر إن آﺎن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ yes‬او وﺟﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪. NO‬‬ ‫- ‪ - : dist rdge‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة وآﺘﺎﺑﺔ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ .‬ ‫- ‪ - : Meas mode‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ fine‬وﺗﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﺪة رﺻﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ وهﻰ أدق ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫) ٣٢(‬
‫٣- ‪Tolerances‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻔﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ "03 واﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫"03 وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ 0 ودﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ "1 .‬ ‫4 – ‪UNITS‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات آﻤﺎ هﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫- اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (dist‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫-‪ Angle‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ) ٠٦٣(‬ ‫- )‪ ( temp‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻬﺮﻧﻬﻴﺖ‬ ‫-)‪ (Pressure‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ‬ ‫- وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ) ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت ، ﺷﺮﻗﻴﺎت ،ﻣﻨﺴﻮب (‬ ‫- ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ %‬ ‫5 - ‪Date and Time‬‬ ‫- ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﺠﺪ ان ‪ date format‬هﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ أدﺧﺎل اﻟﻴﻮم واﻟﺸﻬﺮ واﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫- ﻣﻦ ‪ date‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ،ﻣﺜﻼ ٥١ دﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ ٥٠٠٢ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ :) 505151 (‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺪﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫- واﻟﻮﻗﺖ ‪ time‬ﻳﻜﺘﺐ هﻜﺬا 0503.20‬ ‫- ‪ time out‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮهﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻏﻼق ﻧﻔﺴﺔ ذاﺗﻴﺎ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم ﻟﻤﺲ اى زر ﻣﻦ أزرار ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ .‬ ‫- ‪ time stamp‬هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ وهﻮ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ وأﺧﺮ‬ ‫6 - ‪Jop Deletion‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ : -‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﻳﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ان ﻧﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اوﻧﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫) ٤٢(‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪select Jobs‬‬ ‫-ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ إن اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺬى اﻣﺎﻣﺔ ‪ no‬هﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻓﻨﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ‪yes‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﻗﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ‪ yes‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ .‬ ‫7 – ‪Communicatations‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز واﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻂ آﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬إﻟﻰ ‪ Options‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ‪ pos‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ yes‬وهﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت واﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ no‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﻨﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ 2‪ F‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ‪ COM‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٥٢(‬
‫واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻓﻴﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻻﺑﺪ ان ﺗﻜﻮن هﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ prolink‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻟﺘﺄآﻴﺪ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪ send‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫وهﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ‪ no‬إﻟﻰ ‪ yes‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪاد‬ ‫وأرﻗﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻷﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪ COMPLET‬ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ دون اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﻄﺘﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫8- ‪Card menu‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺎرت واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ: -‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ هﺬة اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ mem to card‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ options‬ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ yes‬اﻣﺎم ‪pos‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻰ ‪ no‬وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺎرت .‬ ‫) ٦٢(‬

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نبذة عن الاجهزة المساحية

  • 1. ‫ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺪأت اﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ واﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻴﻞ ﺛﻢ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻄﻮرت ﺣﺘﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ .‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻻﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﺮآﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت او أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﺗﺠﻬﺎت واهﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة هﻮ اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫، وآﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺰواﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎهﺮ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﻌﺮات اﻻﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ ، وﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎت‬ ‫واﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎت ﻇﻬﺮت اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮوآﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﺮﻧﺎ هﻨﺎ ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ power set‬ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ .‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث أﺟﺰاء ﺗﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺘﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وهﻰ : -‬ ‫أوﻻ ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ أﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ )‪ ( electronc theodolite‬ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻖ ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ً1 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ وﺣﺪة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ )‪( electoronc distance meters EDMS‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل ﻣﻮﺟﺔ إﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮل ﻣﻮﺟﻰ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ إﻧﻌﻜﺎس هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎآﺲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﺮة اﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب زﻣﻦ رﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻰ ، وﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ وﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻴﺎس زﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوآﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎز .‬ ‫ً‬ ‫)1(‬
  • 2. ‫ﻧﺤﻦ اﻻن ﺑﺼﺪد ﺷﺮح أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﻬﺎز)‪ (parts of the instrument‬ﺣﻴﺚ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻهﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻜﺎن ﻓﺎﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﺟﺰاء آﺜﻴﺮة إذا ﺗﻠﻒ إﺣﺪاهﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ، آﻤﺎ إﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﻧﻮﺿﺢ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﺰاء آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ :-‬ ‫‪1- handle‬‬ ‫١- اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪2- handle securing screw‬‬ ‫٢- ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ رﺑﻂ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪3- instuerment height mark‬‬ ‫٣- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪4- card cover‬‬ ‫٤- ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﻜﺎرت‬ ‫‪5- battey‬‬ ‫٥- اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪6- keyboard‬‬ ‫٦- ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪7- tribrach shiftung clamp‬‬ ‫٧- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪8- base palte‬‬ ‫٨- اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪9- leveling foot screw‬‬ ‫٩- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪10- circular level adjusting screws‬‬ ‫٠١- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪11- circular level‬‬ ‫١١- اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬ ‫‪12- horizontal circle positioning knob cover‬‬ ‫٢١- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪13- display‬‬ ‫٣١- ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪14- objective lens‬‬ ‫٤١- اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫)2(‬
  • 3. ‫‪15-tubular composs slot‬‬ ‫٥١- ﻣﻜﺎن وﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪16- optical piumment‬‬ ‫٦١- ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪17- optical plummet reticle‬‬ ‫٧١- ﻏﻄﺎء ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪18- optical plummet eyepiece‬‬ ‫٨١- ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪19- horizontal clamp‬‬ ‫٩١- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪20- horizontal fine motion screw‬‬ ‫٠٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺊ‬ ‫‪21- data output connector‬‬ ‫١٢- ﻣﻜﺎن ادﺧﺎل آﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫٢٢- ﻣﻜﺎن آﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ‪22- external power source connector‬‬ ‫‪23-plate level‬‬ ‫٣٢- اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪24- plate level adjusting screw‬‬ ‫٤٢- ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪25- vertical clamp‬‬ ‫٥٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪26- vertical fine motion screw‬‬ ‫٦٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪27- telescope eyepice‬‬ ‫٧٢- اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﺎر‬ ‫‪28- telescope focussing ring‬‬ ‫٨٢- ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪29- peep sight‬‬ ‫٩٢- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ‬ ‫‪30- instrument center mark‬‬ ‫٠٣- ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫)3(‬
  • 4. ‫- آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﺟﺰاء اﺧﺮى هﻰ : -‬ ‫١- اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻰ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ او ﺧﺸﺒﻰ ذو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ارﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺰودة ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم .‬ ‫٢-اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر زﺟﺎﺟﻰ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وآﻠﻤﺎ زادت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫زاد ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ ، آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻮع اﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ وهﻰ ال )‪ ( sheet‬او اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻗﻰ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻣﺎ ان ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اوﻳﻠﺼﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻰء وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ آﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﺔ .‬ ‫٣- اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫وهﻰ ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ آﻠﻤﺎ اﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ اﺧﺮى ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﻞ وﻣﺪﺗﻬﺎ اآﺒﺮ.‬ ‫٤- اﻟﻜﺎرت‬ ‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ذاآﺮة ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز أﺧﺮ او إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ )‪. ( card reader‬‬ ‫٥-اﻟﻜﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ آﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز .‬ ‫)4(‬
  • 5. ‫٦- اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫وهﻰ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ .‬ ‫٧- اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر إﻟﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ .‬ ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻋﺪة هﻰ : -‬ ‫١- ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮق ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ وهﻰ اﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﻘﻠﻢ دوآﻮ أو ﻣﺴﻤﺎر او ﺳﻴﺦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ذو ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ وﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫٢- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫٣- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺎر اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ رﺟﻠﻴﻦ وﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫٤- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺴﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻻرض‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫)٥(‬
  • 6. ‫٥- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻻرﺟﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫٦- ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﺈن آﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻧﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫٧- ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ إن اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫وإن آﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻀﺒﻂ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎرﻳﻦ وﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪاﺧﻞ او اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺪوران اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ٠٩ درﺟﺔ وﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫وﻧﻜﺮر هﺬة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺛﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻮق ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ واﻟﻤﻴﺰان اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ وهﻨﺎك ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻄﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ.‬ ‫)٦(‬
  • 7. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ذآﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﺰود ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮوآﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ وﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وهﻨﺎك ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻷول ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪ MEAS-MODE‬واﻷﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ-‪REC‬‬ ‫‪MODE‬‬ ‫أوﻻ :- ‪MEAS-MOD‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﻬﺎ إﺛﻨﻰ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻣﺮ وهﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة وهﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت هﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ هﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ وﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﺗﺘﻜﺮر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺸﺮح هﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﺛﻢ اﻻواﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪DISPLAY SYMBOLS‬‬ ‫-: ‪P.C.mm‬‬ ‫‪prism constant‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ وهﻮ -٠٣ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺒﺮزم اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ وﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ال ‪sheet‬‬ ‫‪PPM‬‬ ‫‪atmospheric correction‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪H.obs‬‬ ‫‪Horizontal angle right‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪H.AL‬‬ ‫‪Horizontal angle left‬‬ ‫‪V .obs‬‬ ‫‪zenith angle‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) ٠٩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻓﻘﻰ (‬ ‫‪V .A‬‬ ‫‪vertical angle‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) ﺻﻔﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ (‬ ‫‪S . dist‬‬ ‫‪Slope distance‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪H . dist‬‬ ‫‪horizontal distance‬‬ ‫) ٧(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺔ‬
  • 8. ‫‪V.dist‬‬ ‫‪height difference‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮق اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ال ٠٩ وﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪numeral input‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻻرﻗﺎم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪alphabet input‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫3‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪ READ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ 1‪ F‬ﻳﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺎﻓ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳﺤ ﺴﺐ اﻟﻤ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫‪H dist = s dist ×cos v angle‬‬ ‫‪V dist = s dist × sin v angle‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2 ‪ F‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫‪M disp‬‬ ‫‪CONFG‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ واﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺪ وهﻰ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫)‪-Horizontal Angle format ( Right / left‬‬ ‫- ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ) ﻣﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ / ﻣﺘﻴﺎﺳﺮ ( وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫) 0 ‪- Vertical angle format ( zenith 0 /Horizontal‬‬ ‫- ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ) اﺳﻔﻞ / ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ٠٩(‬ ‫)‪- Distance repeat mode ( Fin /Rapid / Tracking‬‬ ‫- ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ) ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﺪة رﺻﺪات ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ / ﻳﻜﺮر اﻟﻘﺮاءة / ﻳﻜﺮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫آﺒﻴﺮة وهﺬة اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ (‬ ‫)‪- Distance measurement mode ( on / off‬‬ ‫- ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ) ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ / إﻳﻘﺎف (‬ ‫) ٨(‬
  • 9. ‫)‪- Reflector type ( prism / sheet‬‬ ‫- ﻧﻮع اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ) ﻣﻨﺸﻮر زﺟﺎﺟﻰ / ورﻗﻰ(‬ ‫‪- Reflector constant‬‬ ‫)0 /03- (‬ ‫- ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ) -٠٣ / ٠(‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ confg‬ﻧﺠﺪ اﻣﺮ ‪ optin‬ﻋﻨﺪ 1‪ F‬وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ وهﻰ‬ ‫آﺎﻷﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻰ زآﺮة .‬ ‫‪ REC‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4 ‪ F‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وهﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ وﺳﻴﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ .‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ o set‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ‪ H.obs‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪F‬‬ ‫‪ H.ang‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف وهﻮ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ :- 1203.032‬ ‫‪ Aim‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ذﻟﻚ اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻠﻞ هﺬة اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ Read‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫) ٩(‬
  • 10. ‫‪ Tilt‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺤﺎور اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫)1 (‬ ‫)2 (‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻢ )١( وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻮداء داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻢ )٢( وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻌﻞ ‪ X / Y‬ﺗﺴﺎوى )0 ( .‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪ PPM‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ إﻧﻜﺴﺎر اﻟﺸﻌﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﻮى ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫‪ REM‬هﻮ اﻣﺮ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻘﻴﺎس ارﺗﻔﺎع هﺪف ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز واﻟﻌﺎآﺲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻗﻴﺎس ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪H =( sin v angle ×s dist ) + targt height‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز آﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫) ٠١(‬
  • 11. ‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اوﻻ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ أرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ‪Height‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 2‪ F‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻻﻣﺮ )‪ ( Rem‬ﻓﻨﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺎر ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮة اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪ Stop‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ‪height‬‬ ‫‪ MLM‬ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫) اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ، اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ، اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣﺪاهﻤﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪L3^2 =L1^2+ L2^2-2L1L2COS Ө‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 3‪ F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ هﺬة اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ READ‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ MLM‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪REC MODE‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫- ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 4‪ ( REC) F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎذا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫- وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ارﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اواﻣﺮ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻬﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﻦ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻻول ﻧﺎﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة اواﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫دارس اﻟﺪورة ﻣﻦ اﺗﻘﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ .‬ ‫- وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫١- ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Func‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫) ١١(‬
  • 12. ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ Job‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻻﺳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪Enter‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎ ﺷﺔاﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪select job‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ NEW‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫-وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻓﻰ ‪Job‬‬ ‫-وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ S.F‬وﻏﻠﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ Point id‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ٤١ وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب ٤١ ﺣﺮف او رﻗﻢ‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ Record elev‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪yes‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻓﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ no‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﻘﻂ .‬ ‫- ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ surv‬ﻣﻦ 2‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫) ٢١(‬
  • 13. ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪Topography‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ وهﻰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫‪ Take Reeding‬ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ stn‬اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ‪ BS‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ READ‬ﻣﻦ 1‪F‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻨﻘﻮل ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ان اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺬى ﺣﺴﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ هﻮ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎة آﻤﺎ اﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺎرن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ وﻻﺑﺪ ان اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ١ ‪ ، mm‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻬﻴﺌﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﺧﺬ اﻟﺮﺻﺪات‬ ‫- وﻣﻦ ‪ cnfg‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ auto no‬وﻧﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬وآﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ هﻮ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ F‬ﺛﻢ ‪ ENTER‬وﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ view‬ﺛﻢ اﻟﺴﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺛﻢ )‪. F4 ( POS‬‬ ‫)٣١(‬
  • 14. ‫‪Setting Out A line‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ إﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ set out line‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪COGO‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ FROM‬وﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ to pt‬او اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ azimuth‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫)٤١(‬
  • 15. ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﻰ :-‬ ‫‪OFFSET‬‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻣﺘﺪاد ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﺬىﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف واﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫‪LIN INCR‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻜﺮر ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ آﻞ ٥ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻻﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻮﺿﻊ ٥ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪SEGMENTS‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إدﺧﺎل أول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وأﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻌﺪد ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ‪len‬‬ ‫‪ incr‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ .‬ ‫‪LINE LEN‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ هﺬااﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬وﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺼﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ‪ DH .O‬ﺛﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ READ‬ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ان ﻳﺘﺤﺮآﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﻟﻸﻣﺎم أواﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫وإذا أردﻧﺎ أن ﺣﻔﻆ اﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (STOR‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬وﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ رﻗﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫وﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ان اﻟﺨﻂ ﻣﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ 21 و 31‬ ‫وهﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ 21 إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬آﻤﺎ ان هﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ 31 إﻟﻰ ‪B‬‬ ‫)٥١(‬
  • 16. ‫‪SET OUT ARC‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ‪ SET OUT ARC‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫1 – ‪Direction‬‬ ‫وهﻮ اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺳﻮاء ﻳﻤﻴﻦ او ﻳﺴﺎر .‬ ‫2 – ‪From‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫3 – ‪to pt‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫4 –‪centre‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ إدﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫5 –‪Radius‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻃﻮل ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫6 –‪Angle‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫1 –‪Offset‬‬ ‫إذا اردﻧﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻳﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫2 – ‪len incr‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫3 – ‪chord- arc‬‬ ‫وهﻮ اﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ واﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ وﻳﻘﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ آﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ .‬ ‫)٦١(‬
  • 17. ‫4 – ‪ segments‬ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫5 – ‪set out point at arc len‬‬ ‫هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ واﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ 1‪ ( STOR) F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﻰ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻧﻜﺘﺐ رﻗﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ pt‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫‪yes‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻓﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻮازى ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪offset‬‬ ‫)٧١(‬
  • 18. ‫‪Resection‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ال ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ Resection‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪ stn‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ options‬ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫1 – ‪number of h sets‬‬ ‫وهﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫2 – ‪dist rdgs‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺮﺻﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫3-‪Face order‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻻوﺟﺔ اﻟﺬى ﺳﻮف ﻧﺨﺘﺎرهﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪F1 only‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﻨﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔاﻻﺗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أرﻗﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ resection‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ رﻗﻢ ) ١( وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ read‬ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﺛﻢ رﻗﻢ ) ٢( ﺛﻢ ‪ read‬ﺛﻢ ‪enter‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٨١(‬
  • 19. ‫ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ calculate resection‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫‪INVERSE‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم هﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ وذﻟﻚ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ INVERSE‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ from‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪ to pt‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٩١(‬
  • 20. ‫‪CALCULATING AREA‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت أرآﺎﻧﺔ وذﻟﻚ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ area‬وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺐ أرﻗﺎم إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ او ﻋﻜﺲ اﺗﺠﺎهﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ: -‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ UNITS‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻜﺘﺎر، وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ )3 ‪ ( RANG ) ( F‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮﻟﻨﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ :-‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ رﻗﻢ اول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ اﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ.‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ENTER‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻴﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ان ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ اﻻوﻟﻰ هﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ واﺣﺪة آﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ : -‬ ‫) ٠٢(‬
  • 21. ‫ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ رﻗﻢ 5 ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎح اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ .‬ ‫واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻰ 6, 5 ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮازى ﻹﺣﺪى ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺒﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫)١٢(‬
  • 22. ‫‪INTERSECTION‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب إﺣﺪاﺛﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫١- ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫٢- ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ وأﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ COGO‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ INTERSECTION‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫١- اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ 1‪ A‬و 2‪ A‬واﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻴﻦ ٥٤و ٠٦ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻬﺎ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب وﻟﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ STORE‬وﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪S.O‬‬ ‫٢- اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ 1‪ A‬و 2‪ A‬وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ ENTER‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ 3‪F‬‬ ‫آﻠﻤﺔ ‪ OTHER‬ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ إﺣﺪاﺛﻰ أﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻹن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﻌﻄﻰ إﺣﺪاﺛﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒىﺎﻟﺨﻂ .‬ ‫)٢٢(‬
  • 23. ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Functions‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ هﺬة اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ هﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ووﺣﺪات وﻋﻤﻞ اآﻮاد وﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت وﻣﺴﺤﻬﺎ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ﺷﺮح ﻷهﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻧﻔﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ : -‬ ‫وهﺬﻩ هﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫١- ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫٢- ‪Configare reading‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻧﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ: -‬ ‫- ‪ - :auto pt num‬ﻳﺒﺪء اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ .‬ ‫- ‪ - : Topo view stored‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻷرﺻﺎد وﻣﻨﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‪ pos‬وهﻰ ‪ 3d‬ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫- 2‪ -: combine f1/f‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر إن آﺎن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ yes‬او وﺟﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪. NO‬‬ ‫- ‪ - : dist rdge‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة وآﺘﺎﺑﺔ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ .‬ ‫- ‪ - : Meas mode‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ fine‬وﺗﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﺪة رﺻﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ وهﻰ أدق ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫) ٣٢(‬
  • 24. ‫٣- ‪Tolerances‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻔﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ "03 واﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫"03 وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ 0 ودﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ "1 .‬ ‫4 – ‪UNITS‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات آﻤﺎ هﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫- اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (dist‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫-‪ Angle‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ) ٠٦٣(‬ ‫- )‪ ( temp‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻬﺮﻧﻬﻴﺖ‬ ‫-)‪ (Pressure‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﺔ‬ ‫- وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ) ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت ، ﺷﺮﻗﻴﺎت ،ﻣﻨﺴﻮب (‬ ‫- ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ %‬ ‫5 - ‪Date and Time‬‬ ‫- ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻧﺠﺪ ان ‪ date format‬هﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ أدﺧﺎل اﻟﻴﻮم واﻟﺸﻬﺮ واﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫- ﻣﻦ ‪ date‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ،ﻣﺜﻼ ٥١ دﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ ٥٠٠٢ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ آﺎﻻﺗﻰ :) 505151 (‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺪﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫- واﻟﻮﻗﺖ ‪ time‬ﻳﻜﺘﺐ هﻜﺬا 0503.20‬ ‫- ‪ time out‬ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮهﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻏﻼق ﻧﻔﺴﺔ ذاﺗﻴﺎ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم ﻟﻤﺲ اى زر ﻣﻦ أزرار ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ .‬ ‫- ‪ time stamp‬هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻰ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ وهﻮ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ وأﺧﺮ‬ ‫6 - ‪Jop Deletion‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬ ‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ : -‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﻳﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ان ﻧﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اوﻧﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫) ٤٢(‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ‬
  • 25. ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪select Jobs‬‬ ‫-ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺪ إن اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺬى اﻣﺎﻣﺔ ‪ no‬هﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻓﻨﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ‪yes‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ‪ enter‬ﻗﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ‪ yes‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ .‬ ‫7 – ‪Communicatations‬‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز واﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻂ آﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ 1‪ F‬إﻟﻰ ‪ Options‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ‪ pos‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ yes‬وهﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت واﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ no‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ enter‬ﻓﻨﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ 2‪ F‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ‪ COM‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫)٥٢(‬
  • 26. ‫واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻓﻴﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﻻﺑﺪ ان ﺗﻜﻮن هﺬﻩ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ prolink‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﻟﺘﺄآﻴﺪ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻨﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪ send‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫وهﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻨﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺪ اﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ‪ no‬إﻟﻰ ‪ yes‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪاد‬ ‫وأرﻗﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻷﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪ COMPLET‬ﻓﻨﻀﻐﻂ ‪ENTER‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ دون اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﻄﺘﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫8- ‪Card menu‬‬ ‫وﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺎرت واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ: -‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ هﺬة اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ mem to card‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ options‬ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ yes‬اﻣﺎم ‪pos‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻷﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻰ ‪ no‬وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ enter‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻷﺗﻴﺔ : -‬ ‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺎرت .‬ ‫) ٦٢(‬