2. Different moods and different ways to express them
ABILITY
Verbs
POSSIBILITY
PERMISSION Adjectives
OBLIGATION
EXPECTABILITY Modal Verbs
PROBABILITY
3. Present, past and future
I am I
I / he / she / it was
You /we /they are You /we /they will be
You /we /they were
He /she /it is He /she /it
There is There was
There will be
There are There were
I I
You wrote You
I /you /we /they write
He He will write
He / she / it writes
We lived We
They They
4. Structure of Modal Verbs
I
You
He
She Modal Verb Infinitive
It (can /should, etc.) (without TO)
We
They
5. CAN used to indicate the possession of an ABILITY
e.g. He can speak German fluently
(He’s able to speak German fluently)
6. I Rewrite the sentences use “CAN” for ability
1.He’s able to drive a car.
He can drive a car.
2.My daughter is capable of playing the piano beautifully.
My daughter can play the piano beautifully
3.She’s an excellent secretary. She has the ability to type 80 words a minute.
She can type 80 words a minute.
7. 4. Most adults are unable to use a computer.
Most adults can’t use a computer.
5. A recent investigation shows that 65% of high school students don’t know
how to use a calculator.
... 65% of high school students can’t use a calculator.
8. Different ways to express the ability
Can
Be able to
Be capable of (ING)
Have the ability to
Know how to
9. CAN/MAY are used to indicate a present or future
possibility
e.g. The solution may / can be found at the
back of the book
( It’s possible to find the solution at the back of the
book)
10. II Rewrite the Sentences use “CAN” or “MAY” for possibility
1.Due to the repairs, trains are possibly subject to delays.
Due to the repairs, trains may be subject to delays.
2.It’s possible that we face an energy crisis this winter.
We may face an energy crisis this winter.
3.Maybe we’ll change change rooms for the next test since the room ...
We may
rooms for the next test since the room is very small.
11. 4. Perhaps agronomists will have to test the soil because they’ve found traces
of pollutants.
Agronomists may have to test the soil because ...
5. Let’s not wait any longer. It’s possible that he won’t come today.
He may not come today.
6. It’s possible that ships won’t dock in the harbor because of the rain.
Ships may not dock in the harbor because of the rain.
12. CAN/MAY are also used to give permission
e.g. You can / may speak to the patient just a few
minutes.
(You’re allowed to speak to the patient just a
few minutes)
13. III. Rewrite the sentences used “MAY” or “CAN” for permission
1.He has permission to play after doing his homework.
He may play after doing hid homework
2.You’re allowed to miss classes if you get 85% on the first test.
You may miss classes if you get 85% on the first test.
3.Do I have permissionsmoke?
May I
to smoke?
14. 4. You’re allowed to call me by my nickname.
You may call me by my nickname.
5. I gave her permission to leave the class earlier since she has stomach
cramps.
She may leave the class earlier since she has ...
15. SHOULD is often used to indicate what is regarded as
probable or reasonably expected
e.g. The introduction of new machinery
should contribute greatly to better results.
(It’s expected that the introduction of new
machinery will contribute greatly…)
16. IV Rewrite the sentences use “SHOULD” for what is probable or expected
1.They expect the meeting to be finishing right now.
The meeting should be finishing right now.
2.The Conservatives are expected to win the next election. election.
The Conservatives should win the next
3.We don’t expect that it willtake long tolong to get there.
It shouldn’t take (us) get there.
17. 4. It probably won’t be difficult to pass the test.
It shouldn’t be difficult to pass the test.
5. The new regulation probably won’t affect the old students.
The new regulation shouldn’t affect the old students.
18. MUST is often used to indicate OBLIGATION
e.g. You must obtain a visa to travel to USA.
( It’s compulsory that you obtain a visa to travel to
USA )
19. V Rewrite the sentences use “MUST” for obligation
1.There’s no gravity in space. Astronauts have to take showers inside big
plastic bags.
Astronauts must take showers inside plastic bags.
2.Astronauts are also obliged to drink through tubes.
Astronauts must also drink through tubes.
3.It’s compulsory that students write the test in ink.
Students must write the test in ink.
20. 4. I feel obliged to visit them again.
I must visit them again.
5. It’s obligatory that he works at the weekend.
He must work at the weekend.
6. She’s to answeranswer all thebefore the jury.
She must all the questions questions before the jury.
7. He must make a choice.
He’s forced to make a choice.
21. VI These sentences are wrong correct the correct the mistakes
1.He can playing tennis very well.
He can play tennis very well.
2.We must to hurry or we’ll be late.
We must hurry or we’ll be late.
3.At the meeting tomorrow hetomorrow hethe problem. the problem.
At the meeting may mentioned may mention
22. 4. He’s been here for hours. He must been tired.
He’s been here for hours. He must be tired.
5. She should knows the answer.
She should know the answer.
23. EXERCIsE
___ you speak any foreign languages?
a. May
b. Can
c. Have
Liz ___ get tired of her job. It is so boring.
a. has to
b. must
c. should
Where's Nick? He ___ be in his office.
a. might
b. mustn't
c. is to
24. Take an umbrella. It ___ rain later.
a. has to
b. need
c. might
Jack ___ go to hospital yesterday.
a. must
b. had to
c. need
You look tired. You ___ go to bed.
a. should
b. ought
c. are to
You ___ do it. I've already done it.
a. must not
b. need not
c. ought not
25. ___ it be true?
a. Must
b. May
c. Can
___ we stay or leave?
a. Will
b. Would
c. Shall
Jane was so tired. She ___ have worked days and nights.
a. should
b. must
c. need
