Synopsis: Can we deploy our Drupal site as a SaaS for enterprise customers? In this session, we will explore how to design a multi-tenant architecture that enables Drupal to accommodate multiple tenants. Description: Our team is currently using Drupal as the core platform for the docomo MEC portal project. As we require a multi-tenant architecture similar to a SaaS site, we have developed the Façade module to enable this functionality. Despite Drupal's original design for single tenant sites, our approach has allowed us to support multiple tenants. 1. What is the definition of single tenant site and multi-tenancy 2. How to design the SaaS architecture 3. How to deploy your Drupal sites as multi-tenancy service Learning objectives: At the end of this session, attendees will be able to: - Design a multi-tenant architecture for the Drupal site - Deploy the Drupal site as a multi-tenant service - Operate the Drupal sites for multiple enterprise customers. Target audience: This sessions is for Drupal developers and site administrators for the enterprise customers. Video: stanford.io/3q7t1Qg

1. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1
Stanford WebCamp 2023
Empower Your Single Site
for Multi-tenancy Services:
Lessons from
May 2023
Yas Naoi
Chief Architect, Cloud
DOCOMO Innovations, Inc.

2. Yas
2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3. Yas
3
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
• Chief Architect, Cloud

4. Yas
4
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
• Chief Architect, Cloud
• DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)
• NTT DOCOMO Inc.

5. Yas
• Chief Architect, Cloud
• DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)
• NTT DOCOMO Inc.
• Cloud, DevOps, Agile Software Development
• d.o: 18 years
5
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

6. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6
Our Team

7. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7
/ Cloud Team Members /

8. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8
/ Cloud Team Members /
CA
Yas
Baldwin
Tatsuya
Hiroki

9. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9
/ Cloud Team Members /
Japan
Xiaohua
Takumaru
Masami
Ryo
CA
Yas
Baldwin
Tatsuya
Hiroki
Kentaro
Kota
Tomotaka
Retsushi
Yu

10. 10
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator
Search: drupal cloud orchestrator

11. 11
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator
Search: drupal cloud orchestrator

12. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
12
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

13. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
§ AWS
13
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

14. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
§ AWS
§ Kubernetes
14
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

15. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
§ AWS
§ Kubernetes
§ OpenStack
15
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

16. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
§ AWS
§ Kubernetes
§ OpenStack
§ VMware
16
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

17. Multi-cloud Support
──────────────
§ AWS
§ Kubernetes
§ OpenStack
§ VMware
§ Terraform Cloud
17
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Orchestrator

18. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18

19. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19

20. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20

21. Agenda
21
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

22. Agenda
• Multi-tenancy Concept
• How to Setup in Drupal
• Design for Multi-tenancy
• Our Solution
• Demo
22
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

23. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23
Multi-tenancy Concept

24. Site vs Tenant: Functional Differences
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24
Site Tenant
Functional
Membership / Organization Single Multiple
Deployment Single Multiple Multiple Single
Web Application Server Independent Shared Shared
Database Independent Independent Shared

25. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

26. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

27. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

28. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

29. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

30. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 30
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application

31. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Database
Application

32. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 32
site1.example.com
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Database
Application

33. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 33
site1.example.com
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Database

34. Single Site Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Application Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 34
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
site2
User A, B, C
site3.example.com
site3
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C

35. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 35
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application

36. Multi Site Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 36
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
User A, B, C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application

37. Multi Site Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 37
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
User A, B, C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application

38. Multi Site Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 38
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
User A, B, C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application
Database

39. Multi Site Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 39
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
site1.example.com
User A, B, C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application
Database

40. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 40
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
User A, B, C
Database

41. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 41
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C

42. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 42
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com

43. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 43
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com

44. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 44
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2

45. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Multi Site
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 45
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site1.example.com
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com

46. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 46
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com

47. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 47
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

48. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Single Site
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 48
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

49. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 49
Tenant A
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

50. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 50
Tenant A Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

51. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 51
Tenant C
Tenant A Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

52. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 52
Tenant C
Tenant A Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Application

53. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 53
Tenant C
Tenant A Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Database
Application

54. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 54
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Database
Application

55. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 55
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Database

56. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 56
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

57. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 57
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

58. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 58
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

59. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 59
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

60. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 60
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

61. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 61
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

62. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 62
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

63. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 63
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

64. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 64
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

65. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 65
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A Tenant B
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

66. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 66
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

67. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 67
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Application

68. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 68
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Application
Database

69. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 69
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Tenant A
site1.example.com
Tenant B Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Application
Database

70. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 70
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
site1.example.com
Tenant B Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3
Database

71. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 71
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

72. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 72
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

73. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 73
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

74. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 74
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

75. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 75
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

76. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 76
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

77. Single Tenant Multi Tenant
Application
Site and Tenant Concept
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 77
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Single Site
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
Application
Multi Site
Application
site1.example.com
site1
Database
User A, B, C
site2.example.com
site2
site3.example.com
site3

78. Summary of Single | Multi | Site | Tenants
• Single Site
– One instance of an application or service, serving a single location or purpose.
• Multi-Site
– Multiple instances of an application or service, each serving a different location or
purpose. For example, a company might have separate sites for different countries
or regions, each with localized content.
• Single Tenant
– A system where each instance of an application or service is dedicated to a single
user or organization. Each tenant has its own isolated environment.
• Multi-Tenant
– A system where multiple users or organizations share the same instance of an
application or service. Each tenant's data is kept secure and isolated from others.
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 78

79. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 79
How to Set up in Drupal

80. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 80
Application
Database
site1.example.com

81. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 81
Application
Database
site1
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/default/*
site1.example.com

82. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 82
Application
Database
site1
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/default/*
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application
site1.example.com

83. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 83
Application
Database
site1
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/default/*
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application
site1.example.com

84. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 84
Application
Database
site1
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/default/*
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site2
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application
site1.example.com

85. Single Site and Multi Site
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 85
Application
Database
site1
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/default/*
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site2 site3
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application
site1.example.com

86. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 86
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application

87. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application

88. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 88
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application

89. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 89
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site1 site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application

90. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 90
Application
Database
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site1 site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application

91. Single Tenant and Multi Tenant
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 91
Application
Database
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Shared Disk (e.g. NFS)
Database
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site1.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site2.example.com/*
<DRUPAL_ROOT>/sites/site3.example.com/*
site1 site1 site1
site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com
Application
?
?

92. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 92
Design for Multi-tenancy

93. Database per Tenant (Single Tenant)
Config Config Config
Types of Multi-tenant Architecture
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 93
Application
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Ref: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-multi-tenant-architecture-can-bring-down-your-cost-/

94. Shared Database, Separate Schema
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Tenant C
Schema Schema Schema
site1
Config Config Config
Database per Tenant (Single Tenant)
Config Config Config
Types of Multi-tenant Architecture
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 94
Application
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Ref: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-multi-tenant-architecture-can-bring-down-your-cost-/

95. Shared Database, Shared Schema
Config Config Config
Shared Database, Separate Schema
Application
Tenant A
Database
site1.example.com
Tenant B Tenant C
site1
Config Config Config
Database
Application
Tenant C
Tenant A
site1.example.com
Tenant B
site1
Database per Tenant (Single Tenant)
Config Config Config
Types of Multi-tenant Architecture
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 95
Application
Tenant C
site3.example.com
Tenant A
site1.example.com
site1
Database
site2.example.com
Tenant B
site1 site1
Ref: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-multi-tenant-architecture-can-bring-down-your-cost-/
Schema Schema Schema

96. Pros and Cons
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 96
Site Tenant
Functional
Membership / Organization Single Multiple
Deployment Single Multiple Multiple Single
Web Application Server Independent Shared Shared
Database Independent Independent Shared
Non-
functional
Developability ✔ ✔ ✔
Security ✔ ✔ ✔
Scalability ✔ ✔
DR / Resilience ✔ ✔ ✔
Customize ✔ ✔ ✔
Operation ✔ ✔
Cost ✔ ✔

97. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 97
Our Solution

98. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 98
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

99. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 99
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

100. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 100
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

101. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 101
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C
Deploy application using AWS
CloudFormation

102. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 102
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

103. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 103
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C
Deploy application using AWS
CloudFormation

104. Façade (Portal)
Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 104
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

105. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 105
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site3.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C
Deploy application using AWS
CloudFormation

106. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 106
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site3.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

107. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 107
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site3.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

108. Façade 1
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 108
site1.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site2.example.com
Application
Database
site1
site3.example.com
Application
Database
site1
Façade (Portal)
Tenant B
Tenant A
Tenant C

109. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 109

110. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 110
Tenant A

111. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 111
Tenant A Tenant B

112. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 112
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C

113. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 113
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

114. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 114
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

115. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 115
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

116. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 116
Façade (Portal)
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

117. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 117
Façade (Portal)
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

118. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 118
Façade (Portal)
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
site1
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

119. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 119
Façade (Portal)
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
site1.example.com

120. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 120
Façade (Portal)
site1
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
site1.example.com

121. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 121
Façade (Portal)
site1
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)

122. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 122
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C

123. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 123
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
site2.example.com

124. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 124
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
site2.example.com

125. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 125
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C

126. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 126
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
site1
Config
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C

127. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 127
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
site1
Config
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
site3.example.com

128. Database (Amazon RDS)
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 128
Façade (Portal)
site1 site1
site1
Config
Config
Config
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
site3.example.com

129. Façade 2
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 129
Façade (Portal)
Database (Amazon RDS)
site1 site1
site1
Config
Config
Config
Shared Disk
(Amazon EFS)
Tenant A Tenant B Tenant C
Container Infrastructure (Amazon ECS)
site*.example.com

130. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 130
Demo

131. Demo
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 131
• Deploy Cloud Orchestrator onto AWS by using
CloudFormation template through Façade module

132. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 132
Summary

133. 1. Deploy the existing single site as a single tenant
2. Convert the single tenant’s application server to a multi-
tenant resource sharing mode
Our Solution: Lessons from LOGO docomo MEC
133
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

134. Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 134
Resources

135. Resources
135
• Façade
– https://drupal.org/project/facade
• Cloud Orchestrator
– https://drupal.org/project/cloud
– https://cloud.airgap.host
• YouTube Channel
– https://bit.ly/2TJssME
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

136. 136
Thank you!
"Coming together is a beginning,
keeping together is a progress;
working together is a success.“
- Henry Ford
Copyright © 2023 DOCOMO Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.