- Globalization has increasingly become a key concept for understanding the modern world, but its meaning has become less precise over time. - A global economy emerged in the late 20th century enabled by new information and communication technologies, allowing the world economy to function in real time across borders. - There are two tendencies of globalization - cost-driven production models that deterritorialize across borders, and quality-driven models that cluster in regions seeking specialized resources and knowledge.

1. Beyond Globalization: Rethinking the Scalar and Relational in Global Media Studies Presentation to International and Intercultural Communication in the Age of Global Media , Monash University, Melbourne, 11-13 April, 2008 Professor Terry Flew Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane

8. Two types of product/service globalization Rising consumer expectations about product/service quality; rising average consumer incomes More sensitivity to price than other factors Consumer demand High; tendency for specialist knowledge to cluster in particular regions Low; few location-specific resource or knowledge requirements Significance of territory Skilled and specialist; unique bundle of skills often sought Generic; unskilled and semi-skilled labour Labour inputs De-standardization and variety as drivers of non-price-driven demand Generic and substitutable; highly price-sensitive demand Nature of product Quality-driven globalization Cost-driven globalization Factor

12. Two types of globalized production

20. Global Media Production Source: Allen Scott, ‘Cultural-Products Industries and Urban Economic Development, Urban Affairs Review 39 (4), 2004, pp. 461-490.