Pharmacological agents that affects male reproductive system.

1. Date-28 /11/23

2. Content
• Antipyretics: Impact on male reproductive system
• Anabolic steroids: Impact on male reproductive system
• Antidepressant: Impact on male reproductive system
• Radiotiotherapy: Impact on male reproductive system
• Finasteride: Impact on male fertility
• Chemotheraphy drugs: Impact on male fertility

3. Pharmacological agents are any substance or combination of substance having
properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings and the scientific
study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms is called the
Pharmacology.
Pharmacological agents may be of different types:
antipyretics- anti 'against' and pyretic 'feverish' is a substance that reduces fever.
analgesics- also called painkillers, are used to relieve different types of pain.
antibiotics-are used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infection.
antiseptics- are used to destroy the germs that cause infections.
tranquilizers- they are useful in the treatment of stress and mild or severe mental
diseases. They can be hypnotics, sedatives, antidepressants etc.
Pharmacological Agents 1

4. Antipyretics: Impact on male fertility
Paracetamol, when used at high doses, appears to change semen
quality, particularly sperm morphology, and hence its fertilizing
ability.
Paracetamol suppresses testosterone synthesis, provoking apoptosis
of spermatocytes, reducing nitric oxide production and inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesis.
NSAIDS (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
Aspirin, Naproxen, Ibuprofen induces compensated hypogonadism.
With this comes the increased risk of male infertility.
Source- Googleimage Tradeindian.com
2

5. Hypogonadism occurs when the body's sex glands (gonads) produce little or no hormones.
Hypogonadism occurs when the body's
sex glands (gonads) produce little or no
hormones.
3

6. Anabolic steroids: Impact on male reproductive system:
Anabolic steroids are drugs that are used to build muscle mass
or decrease body fat.
Anabolic steroids harm male fertility by interfering with the
hormone signals that are needed to produce sperm.
Men may develop gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and reduced
sperm count.
Exogenous testosterone may cause suppression of spermatogenesis
in men.
Damage is depends on the drugs, dose, and how long the man takes them.
Source googleimage.com
4

7. www.chandigarhayurvedcentre.com
Source www.chandigarhayurvedcentre.com
overdevelopment or enlargement of
breast tissue in men or boys.
source www.novaivffertility.com
a medical condition in which one or both
testicles (or "testes") diminish in size.
5

8. Antidepressant: Impact on male Reproductive system
Antidepressants such as prozac, paxil and zoloft can impact a
males sexual drive and damage the sperm quality.
Sexual side-effects are also common , such as sexual drive,
failure to reach orgasm, and erectile dysfunction.
In 2006, researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York
found that the sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly
greater in men after continued use of paroxetine.
Researchers also noted difficulties with ejaculation while taking
paroxetine.
Source- www.googleimage.com
6

9. Radiotherapy: Impact on male fertility
Radiotherapy (also called radiation therapy) uses X-rays to kill cancer cells or damage them so they can not
grow and multiply.
The testicles are very sensitive to the effects of radiation. Radiation can reduce the number of sperm
produced or damages sperm .
Erectile dysfunction: Radiation therapy to the pelvic area may cause erectile dysfunction.
Aspermia: Direct irradiation to the testis or if doses of radiation greater than 0.35 Gy cause aspermia.
Leydig cell dysfunction: at higher radiation doses > 15 gy,(15 Gy the preferred high dose) leydig cell function
will also be affected.
Low hormonal levels: Brain radiation can result in damage to the pituitary gland leading to low levels of the
hormones (FSH and LH) cause less signal/stimulation to testicles to make sperm and testosterone.
7

10. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electroschematics.com%2Fmobile-phone-
radiation%2F&psig=AOvVaw2ABUBw56ONPSAMMoe4COEM&ust=1699182859939000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978
449&ved=0CAUQjB1qFwoTCODHvsmbqoIDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK
Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation
www.invitra.com
image source www.electroschematics.com
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11. Finasteride: Impact on male fertility
Proscar or Propecia is a medication used mainly to treat an enlarged
prostate or scalp hair loss in men.
It can also be used to treat excessive hair growth in
women and as a part of hormone therapy for transgender
women.
It increases the risk of certain rare forms of prostate cancer,
and some men may experience sexual dysfunction, depression,
anxiety, or breast enlargement.
Finasteride is a 5a-reductase inhibitor, and hence is an antiandrogen.
Ultimately it brings impotency, loss of interest in sex, or trouble having an orgasm.
Source Google.com
9

12. Testosterone Biosynthesis
Source research gate.
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13. Chemotheraphy drugs: Impact on male fertility
Chemotherapy works by killing cells in the body that are dividing quickly.
As sperm cells divide quickly, they are an easy target for damage by chemo.
Permanent infertility can result if all the immature cells in the testicles that divide to
make new sperm are damaged to the point that they can no longer produce maturing
sperm cells.
After chemo treatment, sperm production slows down or might stop altogether. Some
sperm production usually returns in 1year to 4 years, but it can take up to 10 years.
Cyclophosphamide, have a particularly long lasting effect on spermatogenesis and may
cause permanent oligo or azoospermia.
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14. Azoospermia is the medical term used
when there are no sperm in the ejaculate
Oligospermia is a term that means having a
low sperm count fewer than 15 million sperm
in 1 milliliter of semen.
source ONP hospitals
source Advance fertility
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15. Reference
 Book- Toxicology by Casarett and Doull’s
 Research gate
 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov..article year2017
 wikipedia.com

16. THANK YOU