- India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, was launched in November 2013 to explore Mars and reach Mars orbit. - MOM carried scientific instruments including cameras and spectrometers to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, and exosphere. - The mission aimed to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan, and operate an interplanetary mission. MOM successfully entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and transmitted images back to Earth.

1. Essentials of
Mangalyaan
OR
Mars Orbiter Mission ( MOM )
An Overview presented by:
Shashikant Salvi

2. MANGALYAAN ( मंगलयान )
मंगल + यान
Mangal + Yaan
Mars + Vehicle
Indian Satellite for the exploration of Mars
MARS ORBITER MISSION ( MOM )

3. Mars is the 4th planet in Solar System.

4. Physical characteristics of Mars and Earth
Parameter Mars Earth
Radius 3390 kms 6371 Kms
Mass 0.64E24 kg 5.98E24
Gravitational Acceleration 3.7 m/s2 9.8 m/s2
Orbital period around Sun 687 days 365 days
Length of a Day 24Hrs 39 Min 24Hrs
Tilt of rotation axis 25 deg 23.5deg
Weight on Mars and Earth 37.7 Kg 100 Kg

5. Why Mars?
– Neighbour planet with Earth like features
– Mars has an atmosphere ( although thin )
– Surface features like impact craters, volcanoes, valleys,
deserts, and polar ice caps
– Tilt in rotational axis that produces the seasons
– Mountains and canyons.
– Two moons, Phobos and Deimos
Therefore it was explored by spacecrafts and probes from 60s.
So India’s choice of 1st interplanetary spacecraft was for Mars ( after
Moon mission, Chandrayaan in 2008 )

6. TIMING of MOM mission
In November 2013, two missions started their journey
from Earth to Mars
MAVEN of USA on 18th Nov
MOM of India on 8th Nov ( 1st Dec )
They Reached Mars on 22nd and 24th Sept 2014
Both started from Earth in Nov 2013 time and reached
Mars in Sept 2014.
Was it just a coincidence?

7. Mars is farther from Sun than Earth
Kepler’s laws state that it has to take more time to make a
revolution than Earth
( 687 days for Mars and 365 days for Earth )
They come near each other once in 780 days (2 yr 50 days )
This year’s situation is shown in next few slides.
Notice how the Earth-Mars distance varies every month .. In
right top corner of each slide
Next possibility after 12th April 2014 is 30th May 2016

8. 1st Feb 14
Watch this space .. Every month’s
distance is plotted for comparison
1st Feb 2014

9. 1st Feb 14
1st Mar ‘14
1st March 2014
Distance between
Earth and Mars

10. 1st Feb 14
1st Mar ‘14
1st Apr ‘14
1st April 2014
Distance between
Earth and Mars

11. 1st Feb 14
1st Mar ‘14
1st Apr ‘14
14th Apr ‘14
14th April 2014
Distance between
Earth and Mars

12. 1st Feb 14
1st Mar ‘14
1st Apr ‘14
14th Apr ‘14
1st May ‘14
1st May 2014
Distance between
Earth and Mars

13. - Mars and Earth are nearest on 14th April 2014.
(≈ 0.5 AU , 92 million kms )
- They were in Opposition on 8th April 2014
- So MOM was launched such that its position on 8th
April is exactly midway ( 343 million kms done and 343
million kms remaining )
343
686
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2013-Dec-02
2013-Dec-17
2014-Jan-01
2014-Jan-16
2014-Jan-31
2014-Feb-15
2014-Mar-02
2014-Mar-17
2014-Apr-01
2014-Apr-16
2014-May-01
2014-May-16
2014-May-31
2014-Jun-15
2014-Jun-30
2014-Jul-15
2014-Jul-30
2014-Aug-14
2014-Aug-29
2014-Sep-13

14. Transportation of satellite from one planet to the
other using Sun is known as Hohemann Transfer
MOM and MAVEN travelled from Earth to Mars on
two slightly different elliptical paths with Sun as
one of the focus

15. MOM aboard PSLV C25 Rocket
MOM
Heat
shield
4th
Stage
Heat shield
open
Heat
shield
Closed
Feed Line
for MOM

16. 1st
Stage
Mobile
Service Tower
( MST )
Launch
Pedestal
Umbilical
Tower
Feed lines
How Big is the PSLV?
Compare with people on the MST
Feed lines for liquid propellants ,
high-pressure gases, checkout
cables, chilled air

17. MOM is basically a Demonstration Mission
• Scientific Objectives
- Usage of indigenous scientific Instruments for
Martian Study
• Technological Objectives
Demonstrate the ability to
- Design a satellite to survive Martian conditions
- Design Interplanetary orbit and later
- Achieve and operate Mars orbit

18. Scientific Objectives
Demonstrate the usage of indigenous
scientific instruments for Exploration of
- Mars surface features
- morphology
- mineralogy and
- Martian atmosphere

19. Technological Objectives of MOM
- Design an orbiter to survive Martian conditions
- Design cruise phase of 300 days
- Achieve and operate Mars orbit
- Establish and evaluate
navigation
Deep space communication
mission planning and management
- Incorporate autonomous features to handle
contingency situations.

20. 80238 Kms
3807 Kms
Orbit of MOM around Mars
418 Kms
76847 Kms
Apoapsis
Major Axis
Periapsis

21. Measuring Instruments on MOM
Mars Orbiter Mission carries
- camera ( MCC )
- two spectrometers ( MENCA and TIS )
- radiometer ( MSM )
- photometer ( LAP )
These instruments are used to study
- Martian surface
- atmosphere and
- exosphere extending up to 80,000 kms
to understand evolution of that planet and
geologic and biogenic processes ( if possible )

22. Location of various Components
Propellant Tank
High Gain
Antenna
Feed Horn
High Gain
Antenna
Reflector
Reaction
Wheel
TTC Antenna
PITCH
YAW
ROLL

23. Mars Colour Camera (MCC)
( usead for optical imaging )
Has three color imaging sensor to obtain images of
surface features and weather of Mars and its two
Moons Phobos & Deimos
Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)
( Study of Escape processes of Martian upper
atmosphere through Deuterium/Hydrogen )
This is an absorption cell photometer which
measures D/H (Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratio) in
the Martian upper atmosphere.
To Study the loss of water from the planet.

24. The Two spectrometers aboard
- Mars Enospheric Neutral Composition Analyser
(MENCA)
( To Study of the composition of Martian upper
atmosphere )
This is a quadruple mass spectrometer based on
proven CHACE (Chandra’s Altitudinal Composition
Explorer) design used in Chandrayaan mission.
- Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer(TIS)
( To study surface composition and mineralogy )
Measures the thermal emission during day and
night. With this Temperature and emissivity are
estimated.

25. Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM)
( Detection of Methane ( CH4 ) presence )
MSM measures solar radiation reflected by
Martian atmosphere. Works over illuminated
scene only
Derives spatial and temporal variations of
Methane concentration in the Martian
atmosphere

26. 1st image obtained
within minutes after MOI
1st image fitted on
Google Mars Atlas

27. 1st image of Martian Atmosphere
obtained shortly after MOI

28. 1st image of Full disk of Mars
obtained shortly after MOI
Same image enhanced by a non-ISRO
enthusiast identifies locations

29. http://indiaspaceactivity.blogspot.com/
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