ADHD nd its treatment strategies including schooling and physical and mental exercises

3. What is ADHD ?
• Attention deficit hyperactive
disorder commonly known as
ADHD.
• Neurodevelopment disorder.
• Most common childhood disorder.
• Continue to adolescence to
adulthood.

4. SYMPTOMS

6. SUBTYPES
• Combined Type
▫ Clinical levels of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity
▫ Most common subtype
• Predominantly Inattentive Subtype
▫ Clinical levels of inattention only
▫ Often not identified until middle school
▫ Sluggish cognitive tempo
• Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive Subtype
▫ Clinical levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity only
▫ More common among very young children prior to school entry

8. Combined type
• Combine symptoms of either two forms of
ADHD.
• The most common form.
• Diagnosed in boys of elementary-school
age.
• Diagnosed when six or more symptoms
associated with each of the two major
forms of ADHD are present.

9. Predominantly inattentive
• Difficulty paying attention.
• Struggles to concentrate and complete tasks
forget full and easily distracted.
• Poor organization skills , lethargic ,sluggish
,shy ,anxious or constantly daydreaming.
• Most often diagnosed in adolescent girls, and
is diagnosed if six or more symptoms of
inattention have persisted for more than six
months .

10. Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD
• Difficulty controlling behavior ,with an
increase risk for serious aggressive or
oppositional behavior and anti-social
conduct.
• Fidget and excessively restless.
• Blurt out comments that are
inappropriate and often do not think
before they act.
• Diagnosed if six or more symptoms of
hyperactivity persisted for more than six
months.

11. INTERVENTIONS
Evidence based treatment include two
categories ;
• Pharmacological intervention
• Behaviorally based psychosocial
intervention.
• Physical exercise

12. Pharmacological intervention
Pharmacological interventions include :
 Stimulants
 Non-stimulants
• Stimulants are best studied medicine for ADHD.
• These medicines improve attention span, self-control, behavior, fine motor control
and social functioning.
• Medication is a tool, not a cure. And it is most effective when combined with other
treatments that address emotional and behavioral issues.

13. Behavioral based psychosocial
intervention
• Behavioral therapy, also known as behavior modification.
• Behavior therapy involves reinforcing desired behaviors through :
rewards and praise and decreasing problem behaviors by setting limits and
consequences.
 For example, one intervention might be that a teacher rewards a child who has
ADHD for taking small steps toward raising a hand before talking in class, even if
the child still blurts out a comment. The theory is that rewarding the struggle
toward change encourages the full new behavior
It includes
• Parent’s management
• School based contingency management.

14. Parents management
• As parents, you can set up a customized
behavioral modification program for your child
who has ADD / ADHD with the help of
behavioral specialist. such as a cognitive-
behavioral therapist
• .This kind of therapist can set up a behavioral
modification program of rewards and
consequences for your child at home and at
school and support you in shaping your child’s
behavior.
• Patience is key with behavioral therapy, since
people with ADD / ADHD are notoriously
variable in their symptoms. One day, your child
may behave beautifully, and the next, fall back
into old patterns. Sometimes it may seem as if
the training is not working. However, over
time, behavioral treatment does improve the
symptoms of ADHD

15. ADHD strategies for parents
• Be informed about ADHD and how it affects
your child.
• Be upfront about your child's ADHD
• Don't overestimate the "power" of medications.
• Learn methods of effective discipline.
• Work with your child's teacher(s).
• Help provide structure at home for your child.
• Create an effective rewards system at home.
• Seek out good, professional help.
• Do connect with other parents.
• Remember to take good care of yourself.

16. School based contingency
• Many school-based interventions have been developed for students with
AD/HD to help them improve their academic and social skills. Among the
most researched interventions are:
• Contingency management—This approach combines positive
reinforcement for desired behaviors with punishment to reduce unwanted
behaviors.
• Cognitive-behavioral—This approach develops student-centered self-
control skills and reflective problem-solving strategies that help the
student monitor his or her own behavior.
• Academic interventions—This approach focuses on the ways in which
subject matter is introduced or taught and on the instructional materials
that are used.

17. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, there are
three basic principles to any behavior therapy approach:
• Set specific goals. Set clear goals for your child such as staying
focused on homework for a certain time or sharing toys with friends.
Provide rewards and consequences. Give your child a specified
reward (positive reinforcement) when he or she shows the desired
behavior. Give your child a consequence (unwanted result or
punishment) when he or she fails to meet a goal.
Keep using the rewards and consequences. Using the rewards
and consequences consistently for a long time will shape your child's
behavior in a positive way.

18. Social skills training
• Because kids with attention deficit disorder often have difficulty with simple
social interactions and struggle with low self-esteem, another type of treatment
that can help is social skills training.
• Normally conducted in a group setting, social skills training is led by a therapist
who demonstrates appropriate behaviors and then has the children practice
repeating them.
• A social skills group teaches children how to “read” others’ reactions and how to
behave more acceptably.
• The social skills group should also work on transferring these new skills to the real
world.

19. ADHD and Exercise

20. Physical and mental exercise
• Exercising is one of the easiest and most effective ways to reduce the symptoms of
ADD/ADHD.
• Physical activity immediately boosts the brain’s dopamine, norepinephrine, and
serotonin levels—all of which affect focus and attention.
• Activities that require close attention to body movements, such as dance,
gymnastics, martial arts, and skateboarding, are particularly good for kids with
ADD/ADHD. Team sports are also a good choice. The social element keeps them
interesting.
Includes :
• Simple repetitive motions (running, walking)
• Complex physical and mental activities (sport games ,obstacles ,video games)

21. Simple physical exercises
Aerobic exercises help to boost neurotransmitter production, help increase new cell
growth the brain and can improve executive function. Some examples of aerobic
exercises are:
1. Relaxation i.e. positive imagery exercises
2. Running
3. Swimming
4. Walking
5. Rowing
6. Jumping Rope
7. Dancing

22. Brain exercises
• Mind-body integration
• Cross-word puzzles and picture puzzles
• Memory and concentration games
• Computer games
• meditations

23. Complex physical and mental exercise
Complex exercises that use both physical activity and require a skill help to
improve the formation of synaptic networks in the brain. These types of
activities include
• Rock climbing
• Martial arts

24. Strategies for exercise
Make strategies for exercise ;
• Mode
• Intensity
• Frequency
• Duration
• Make short term goals
• Long term goals (depending upon the severity)
• Make your goals measurable and realistic cause every child is
different

25. Tips for supporting your
Childs treatment
• Consistency is key
• In order to encourage positive change in all settings,
children with ADD / ADHD need consistency. It is
important that parents of children with ADD / ADHD
learn how to apply behavioral therapy techniques at
home. Children with ADD/ADHD are more likely to
succeed in completing tasks when the tasks occur in
predictable patterns and in predictable places, so that they
know what to expect and what they are supposed to do.
• Follow a routine. It is important to set a time and a place
for everything to help a child with ADD/ADHD
understand and meet expectations. Establish simple and
predictable rituals for meals, homework, play, and bed.

26. Cont..
• Use clocks and timers. Consider placing clocks throughout the
house, with a big one in your child’s bedroom. Allow plenty of time
for what your child needs to do, such as homework or getting ready
in the morning.
• Simplify your child’s schedule. Avoiding idle time is a good idea,
but a child with ADD/ADHD may become even more distracted and
“wound up” if there are too many after-school activities.
• Create a quiet place. Make sure your child has a quiet, private
space of his or her own. A porch or bedroom can work well too—as
long as it’s not the same place as the child goes for a time-out.
• Set an example for good organization. Set up your home in an
organized way. Make sure your child knows that everything has its
place. Role model neatness and organization as much as possible.

27. REMEMBER!!!!!

28. Children with ADHD are often very
intelligent it depends how we look at them
because..just don’t look at them with your
open eyes..but with your open brain…

29. Thank you 